 | Term | Definition |
| |
Nicholas II |
1894; Russian ruler; Angered the people because of his non-reforming laws |
| |
Social Democrats (SD) |
1898; Workers who wanted to remove the czar by strikes and mass action; Marxist; 1903 split into Bolshevik and Menshevik parties |
| |
Bolshevicks |
1903; Lenin; Supported a small party of intellectuals to make a communist revolution |
| |
Mensheviks |
1903; Plekhanov; Believed in a loosely-organized mass party membership |
| |
Russo-Japanese War |
1904-1905; War between Japanese and Russia in a conflict over Manchuria |
| |
Treaty of Portsmouth |
1905; Ending treaty of the Russo-Japanese War; Russia gave some land to Japan and surrendered Manchuria; Russia was humiliated |
| |
Father Gapon |
1905; The leader of Bloody Sunday; Russian orthodox priest |
| |
Bloody Sunday |
1905; Russian workers marched on the winter palace at St. Petersburg to get some liberal reforms; It was ttacked and people were killed |
| |
Zemstovs |
The provincial council elected by the landowners and peasantes which had been established by Czar Alexander II in 1864 |
| |
October Manifesto |
1905; Czar Nicholas II priomised a new constitution with civil rights/liberties and creation of the Duma |
| |
Duma |
Russia's law-making body; Created by Czar Nicholas II |
| |
Peter Stolypin |
Czar Nicholas II's conservative minister who tried to create order with pogroms |
| |
pogrom |
An act of organized violence agasint Jews |
| |
mirs |
Land village communities in Russia; Abolished by the Stolypin |
| |
Kulaks |
A Russian wealthy class of peasants |
| |
Alexandra |
Czar Nicholas II's wife who filled in as ruler when he went to fight in World War I |
| |
(Gregori) Rasputin |
A Russian mystic monk who had control of the government when Nicholas II was out at war |
| |
(Prince George) Lvov |
1917; The head of Duma's provisional government (set up after Nicholas II dismissed the Duma) |
| |
(Vladimir) Lenin |
1917; Delcares Russia the freest country in the World; Becomes the first ocmmunist leader of Russia |
| |
(Alexander) Kerensky |
1917; Head of a reorganized (provisional) government in Russia; Tours the Eastern front and appeals to soldiers to keep fighting (unlike the Bolsheviks) |
| |
Petrograd Soviets |
1917; A council of workers or soldier deputies; Shared the power with the Russian provisional government |
| |
Order No 1 |
1917; The soviet order which stripped officers of their ranks and authority and placed the power in the hands of a committee of soldiers; Discipline broke down |
| |
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
1917; The government in Russia that is established with Lenin as the head of state (Trotsky is foreign minister) |
| |
(Joseph) Stalin |
1917; the Bolshevik commissar for nationalities in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
| |
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk |
1918; The treaty where Russia dropped out of World War I and ceeded land to Germany |
| |
Whites |
Lenin's opposition with old army and Kulaks |
| |
Reds |
The name of the Bolsheviks in battle |
| |
war communism |
Lenin's method of control during the Russian Revolution |
| |
Cheka |
Commission for Combatting Counter-Revolution and Sabotage; Lenin's secret police to control the contry during the Russian Civil war |
| |
(Union of the Soviet Socialists Republics) U.S.S.R. |
1922; The new name of Russia in cluding Russia, Ukraine, Byelorussia, and Transcaucasia |
| |
(New Economic Policy) NEP |
1921; Lenin's policy to replace war communism; Allowed peasants to sell surplus crops |
| |
kolkhoz |
A collective farm that was owned and operated by its members who were forced to deliver large parts of their crop to the state at prices fixed by the state |
| |
sovkhoz |
A large farm in which peasants were simply employed and paid a straight salary |
| |
purge |
1934-1938; Stalin's tactic that killed all of his opponents |
| |
Reign of Terror |
Stalin's purge in which he killed all of his opponents and anyone who was not loyal to him |
| |
Labour party |
England's party which promised social legislation |
| |
Liberal party |
England's party that wanted laizze-faire econimics |
| |
(Ramsey) MacDonald |
1923; The first leader of the Labour party in England; Failed because he tried to establish ties with the Soviet Union |
| |
(Stanley) Baldwin |
1924-1929; THe leader of England's conservative party which feared communism |
| |
(Neville) Chamberlain |
1937; The leader of England's conservative party at the start of World War I |
| |
Statue of Westminister |
1931; Britan's action that granted self rule to the colonies of Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa |
| |
Commonwealth of Nations |
1931; The former structure of Britan's Statue of Westminister (self-rule of certain colonies) |
| |
Easter Rebellion |
1916; The Irish rebellion just after the start of World War I; Failed |
| |
Irish Republican Army |
1916-1922; Ireland's army which waged savage guerrilla warfare against England until it made a comprimise |
| |
Eire (Irish Free State) |
The name of the state crated by England in response to the Easter Rebellion |
| |
(Raymond) Poincare |
1923; The French prime minister who sent troops into the Ruhr valley in Germany to try to get money (The Germans passively resisted) |
| |
Maginot Line |
A series of concrete fortifications along France's eastern border to protect against another German attack |
| |
Locarno Pact |
1925; Germany's affirmation that it would accept its current boundaries |
| |
Kellogg-Briand Pact |
1928; Nations (including France) agreed that war was not an instrument of foreign policy |
| |
Wall Street Crash |
1929; The dramatic lowering of price in US stocks |
| |
Dawes Plan |
1924; America's plan that would loan money to Germany so it could pay France and Great Britan, who woulc, in turn, pay back the United States |
| |
Young Plan |
1929; The agreement to futher reduce the German reparation payments |
| |
(Franklin D.) Roosevelt |
1933; The president of America during the Great Depression |
| |
New Deal |
Roosevelt's plan to get out of the great depression by increased government spending |
| |
Social Security |
A government program designed to provide basic income for those who have retired; introduced by Roosevelt |
| |
(John Maynard) Keynes |
English economist who urged the goverment to spend money during a depression to get the economy moving; Influcned the New Deal |
| |
Popular Front |
The French alliance between communists, socialists, and radicals |
| |
(Leon) Blum |
The leader of the French Popular Front; Tried to mimic Roosevelt's New Deal |
| |
(Edmund) Daladier |
1937; Conservative who overturned Blum's reforms in the French Popular Front |
| |
Rome-Berlin Axis |
The agreement between Hitler and Mussolini to ally Italy and Germany |
| |
(General Francisco) Franco |
1936; Leader with fascist supporters who revoolted agasint the legally elected leftist government of Spain (which started the civil war) |
| |
Anti-Comintern Pact |
1939; Germany, Japan, and Italy agree to oppose the spread of communism |
| |
Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis |
1940; The name after Japan was joined into the Rome-Berlin axis |
| |
Anschluss |
Hitler's policy that all Germany people belong together; Hitler uses this reasoning to invade Austria |
| |
Munich Conference |
The meeting of Chamberlain, Daladier (Prime minister of France), Mussolini, and Hitler; Decided to cede the Sudetenland to Germany |
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace