| Term | Definition |
|
erosion |
The removal and transport of surface material such as rocks and soil. |
|
water cycle |
The continuous movement of water from water sources such as into lakes, oceans, the sky, and the ground. |
|
drainage basin |
The land drained by a river system, which is ther river and its tributaries. |
|
tributary |
A smaller stream or river that flows into a larger river. |
|
divide |
The area in which drainage basins are seperated from each other. |
|
channel |
The path a stream follows. |
|
gradient |
The measure of the change in the elevation over a certain distance. |
|
discharge |
The volume of water a river transports over a given amount of time. |
|
load |
The material that collects in a stream's water. |
|
deposition |
The process in which material drops, or settles. |
|
alluvium |
Rock and soil deposited by a river. |
|
delta |
A fan-shaped deposit formed when a load reaches a large bory of water such as a lake or an ocean. |
|
alluvial fan |
A fan-shaped deposit that forms on dry land. |
|
flood plain |
An area that gets flooded by the water in a river due to too much water for the river to hold. It mainly happens when there is a high snowmelt, which is normally during warm seasons. |
|
ground water |
Water that comes from the earth's surface. |
|
water table |
The invisible line seperating, or in between the zone of saturation and the zone of aeriation. |
|
aquifer |
A rock layer that stores and allows the flow of water. |
|
porosity |
The amount of open space between rock particles. |
|
permeability |
A rock's ability to have water pass through it. |
|
artesian spring |
A spring that forms where cracks occur naturally in the cap rock and the pressurized water in aquifers press to the surface through the crack. |
|
karst topography |
An area where ground water erosion is noticable at the surface. |
|
point-source pollution |
A single point from which pollution comes from. It is pretty easy to keep this kind of water pollution under control. |
|
nonpoint-source pollution |
This type of pollution is very hard to control, because it comes from multiple sources. |
|
sewage treatment plants |
Factories that clean the waste materials out of water that comes from the ser or drains. |
|
septic tank |
A large underground tank that collects and cleans waste water from a household. |
|
condensation |
This step of the water cylce occurs when water vapor cools into liquid water droplets that form clouds in the atmosphere. |
|
precipitation |
This step of the water cylce occurs when rain, sleet, or snow falls from clouds onto the earth's surface. |
|
runoff |
This step of the water cylce occurs when water collects in rivers, streams, and eventually lakes and oceans. |
|
evaporation |
This step of the water cylce occurs when liquid water from the earth's surface and from living organisms change into water vapor. |
|
percolation |
The downward movement through pores and and spaces in the soil due to gravity of water. |
|
infiltration |
This step of the water cylce occurs when the water is pulled into the ground due to the pull of gravity. |
|
bed load |
The load contains pebbles and boulders. |
|
suspended load |
The load contains small rocks and soil in suspension, which can make the river look muddy. |
|
dissolved load |
The load contains dissolved materials such as sodium and calcium. |
|
youthful rivers |
This type of river erodes its channel deeper rather than wider, it has a high gradient, so it travels fast, and its sides are steep and straight. |
|
mature rivers |
This type of river erodes its channel wider rather than deeper, it doesn't have as high a gradient as a youthful river, has more discharge, tributaries, and then also has lessfalls and rapids. |
|
old rivers |
This type of river has a low gradeint and extremely low erosive power. These rivers contain more meanders. |
|
rejuvenated rivers |
This type of river occurs where land is raised by earth's tectonic forces. |
|
meander |
A turn in a river or tributary. |
|
terrace |
A step-like feature created by a rejuvenated river. |
|
zone of aeration |
The upper zone which usually isn't completely filled with water, but with rocks and soil too. ( Is about Ground water) |
|
zone of saturation |
The lower zone where water accumilates between small rock particles. |
|
porosity |
Open spaces in a rock laer expresses... |
|
recharge zone |
The ground surface where water enters an aquifer. |
|
springs |
Where water flows from the ground, it forms these. |
|
artesian formation |
A sloping layer of permeable rock sandwiched by 2 other layers of permeable rock. |
|
cap rock |
In an artesian formation, the top layer is called this. |
|
well |
A man-made hole deeper than the water table, therfore it would fill up with water. |
|
dripstone |
A deposit of calcium carbonate, a type of limestone, is called this. |
|
sinkhole |
A sinking, circular depression. |
|
dripstone column |
Where a stalactite and a stalagmite meet each other, forming one object called this. |
|
stalactite |
Looks like an icicle, and is formed by water, and is found at the top of caves. |
|
stalagmite |
Looks like an icicle, and is formed by water, and is found at the bottom of caves. |