Set: IB Biology Review

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All 84 Terms

Term Definition
ecology the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment
ecosystem a system made up of organisms as well as the abiotic factors in the area
population a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time
community a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area
species a group of organisms which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
habitat the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism
autotrophs producers; they can make their own food
heterotrophs consumers; they feed on ready made organic material
detritivores organisms that feed on the detritus and decomposing organic material of living organisms
saprotrophs decomposers; organisms that feed on dead organisms and products of living organisms
carrying capacity the maximum number of organisms of a species, or the maximum population size which an environment is able to support
random sample a sample where every individual in a population has an equal chance of being chosen
trophic level Position in the food chain, determined by the number of energy-transfer steps to that level; a functional classification of taxa within a community that is based on feeding relationships
standard deviation used to summarize the spread of values around the mean; ∑((X-X)²/n-1)
species a group of organisms with similar characteristics, which can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
protoctista unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms; may be auto or heterotrophic and live in salt and fresh water
fungi eukaryotic and feed by absorption of nutrients; cell walls are made of chitin
plantae eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms; cell wall contains cellulose and cells contain chlorophyll
animalia feed by ingestion
evolution change in a gene pool of a species over a period of time
half-life the number of years it takes for 50% of a sample to decay
organelle a discrete structure within a cell, and has a specific function
magnification measure size of diagram ÷ actual size of object
tissue an integrated group of cells that share structure and are adapted to perform a similar function
organ a combination of two or more tissues which function as an integrated unit, performing one or more specific functions
organ system a group of organs that specialize in a certain function together
diffusion movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration down a concentration gradient
osmosis passive movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration across a semi permeable membrane
organic molecules containing carbon that are found in living systems (Not CO2); often have covalent bonds
enzyme a globular protein that accelerates a specific reaction; catalysts that can be used over and over
active site the region of an enzyme surface that binds to the substrate during the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme
denaturation a structural change in a protein that results in a loss of its biological properties
degenerate more than one codon can code for a single amino acid
universal codes are the same for all living organisms
recombination the reassortment of genes into different combinations from the parents
gene a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic consisting of a length of DNA occupying a specific position on a chromosome called a locus
allele a specific form of a gene, usually differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same locus as other alleles of the gene
genome the total genetic material of an organelle, organism, or cell
gene pool the total of all genes carried by the individuals in a population
gene mutation a change in the base sequence of a gene
genotype the alleles possessed by an organism
phenotype the characteristics of an organism
dominant allele an allele which as the same effect on the pheno type whether it is in a homozygous or heterozygous state
recessive allele an allele which has an effect on the phenotype in the homozygous state
codominant alleles alleles which have a partial effect in the heterozygous state but a more pronounced effect in the homozygous state
locus the position of a gene on the chromosome
homozygous having two copies of an allele
heterozygous having different alleles of a gene
carrier an individual that has a recessive allele that does not have an effect on the phenotype
test cross testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known recessive homozygote
sex linkage genes carried on the sex chromosomes, usually the X
linkage group a group of genes whose loci are on the same chromosome
polygenic inheritance the inheritance of a characteristic which is controlled by more than one gene
genetic screening testing individuals in a population for the presence of a gene (or a certain allele of a gene)
clone a group of organisms of identical genotype or a group of cells descended from a single parent cell
cell respiration the controlled release of energy in the form of ATP from organic compounds in cells
pathogens organisms that cause disease
active immunity immunity due to production of antibodies by the organism itself after infection
passive immunity immunity due to acquisition of antibodies from another source (can be injected by needle or passed through placenta or breast milk)
natural immunity immunity due to infection
artificial immunity immunity due to a vaccine
resting potential electrical impulse across a cell membrane when not propagating an impulse
action potential the localized reversal and then restoration of electrical potential between the inside and outside of a neuron as the impulse passes along it
innate behavior behavior that normally occurs in all members of a species despite natural variation in environmental influences
taxis locomotion in a particular direction in response to an external stimulus
kinesis movement in an organism where the rate depends on the stimulus
classical conditioning modification of behavior in an animal as a result of the detection of correlations between external events
operant conditioning a learning procedure in which a reinforcement follows a particular response
imprinting an attachment to an object encountered during a short period after birth, usually a parent
food chain a linear and simple feeding relation, where one organism has one type of food and is eaten by one type of organism
food web more complex than a food chain and it includes a larger variety of organisms, Each of which feed on a variety of other organisms and they are in turn fed on by more organisms
greenhouse effect a NATURAL PHENOMENON that was required for life to form on the planet
energy flow (in a food chain) energy losses between trophic levels include material not consumed or material not assimilated and heat loss through cell respiration
population size factors if (natality + immigration) > (mortality + emigration) then a population is increasing
exponential phase occurs when there are no controlling factors
transitional phase the birthrate begins to decrease
plateau phase occur as carrying capacity is reached
density dependent factors more effect in crowded populations (predation and disease)
density independent factors independent of population size (weather, natural disasters)
extrinsic population-regulating mechanisms originate outside the population (food supply, natural enemies, disease, weather)
intrinsic population-regulating mechanisms seen in the physiology or behavior (less offspring in crowded populations, mass migration)
kingdoms prokaryotae, protoctista, fungi, plantae and animalia
prokaryotes unicellular organisms lacking a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles; circular DNA
Taxa hierarchy kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species

Set Information

Terms 84
Creator Gondwana
Created May 7, 2008
Groups None
Tags ib, biology, review
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Review of all IB Biology subjects.

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Gondwana : Changed gene → a heritable factor that controlsa specific characteristic consisting of a length of DNA occupying a specific position on a chromosome called a locus to gene → a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic consisting of a length of DNA occupying a specific position on a chromosome called a locus
Gondwana : Changed imprinting → an attachment to an object encountered during a short perio after birth, usually a parent to imprinting → an attachment to an object encountered during a short period after birth, usually a parent
Gondwana : Changed autotroph → producers; they can make their own food to autotrophs → producers; they can make their own food
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Most Missed Words

  1. intrinsic population-regulating mechanisms → seen in the physiology or behavior (less offspring in crowded populations, mass migration) - 13 misses
  2. genotype → the alleles possessed by an organism - 12 misses
  3. saprotrophs → decomposers; organisms that feed on dead organisms and products of living organisms - 11 misses
  4. codominant alleles → alleles which have a partial effect in the heterozygous state but a more pronounced effect in the homozygous state - 11 misses
  5. classical conditioning → modification of behavior in an animal as a result of the detection of correlations between external events - 11 misses
  6. protoctista → unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic organisms; may be auto or heterotrophic and live in salt and fresh water - 10 misses
  7. extrinsic population-regulating mechanisms → originate outside the population (food supply, natural enemies, disease, weather) - 10 misses