 | Term | Definition |
| |
absolute distance |
distance that can be measured with a standard unit of length |
| |
absolute location |
exact position of an object |
| |
accessibility |
relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place |
| |
azimuthal project |
map projection in which the plane is the most developable surface |
| |
breaking point |
outer edge of a city's sphere of influence |
| |
cartograms |
thematic map that that transforms space such that the greatest value for some data set is represented by the largest relative area |
| |
choropleth map |
thematic map that uses tones and colors to represent data |
| |
cognitive map |
image of a portion of earth's surface that an individual creates in his or her mind |
| |
complementarity |
actual or potential relationship between two places usually referring to economic interaction |
| |
connectivity |
degree of connection between two places |
| |
contagious diffusion |
diffusion through direct contact |
| |
distance decay effect |
decrease in interaction between two places as the distance between them increases |
| |
dot maps |
thematic maps that use points to show precise location of specific occurrences |
| |
expansion diffusion |
diffusion spread to surrounding areas through contact and exchange |
| |
friction of distance |
measure of how absolute distances affects interaction between two places |
| |
fuller projection |
map projection that maintains accurate size and shape but rearranges direction |
| |
geoid |
actual shape of the earth |
| |
gravity model |
mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places based on distance and population |
| |
hierarchical diffusion |
diffusion in which something is spread between places because of what they have in common |
| |
international dateline |
line of longitude that marks where each new day begins, on the 180th meridian |
| |
intervening opportunity |
idea that one place has a demand for some good or service and two places have a supply of equal price and quality then the closer of the two will represent this |
| |
isoline |
line that connects points of equal or similar value |
| |
large-scale |
small ratio between map units and ground units |
| |
law of retail gravitation |
law that states that people will be drawn to larger cities to conduct their business because larger cities have a wider influence on the hinder lands that surround them |
| |
Mercator projection |
projection that maintains accurate direction but has distorted area and the poles appear over sized |
| |
proportional symbol map |
thematic map in which size of a chosen symbol indicates the relative magnitude of some statistical value for a given geographic region |
| |
relative distance |
measure of distance that includes amount of connectivity between two places |
| |
relative location |
location relative to places around it |
| |
relocation diffusion |
diffusion through migration |
| |
resolution |
map's smallest discernable unit |
| |
robinson projection |
map projection that attemps to balances several projection errors |
| |
scale |
ratio between size on earth and on map |
| |
site |
absolute location of place |
| |
situation |
relative location of a place |
| |
small-scale |
ratio of units on the map to units on earth is quite small |
| |
thematic map |
type of map that displays one or more variables within a specific area |
| |
time-space convergence |
idea that distances between two places is actually shrinking as technology enables increased interaction between those places |
| |
topographic map |
map that use isolines to show constant elevations |
| |
topological space |
amount of connectivity between places, regardless of the absolute distance separating them |
| |
transferability |
costs involved in moving good from one place to another |
| |
visualization |
use of sophisticated software to create dynamic computer map |
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