 | Term | Definition |
| |
nationalism |
"the bonding of a people by a common language, history, traditions, beliefs, and goals" |
| |
realpolitik |
power politics |
| |
Carbonari |
Chimney Sweepers; Secret Italian socitey organized during the time of Napoleon I and was committed ot establishing a united Italian republic |
| |
Young Italy Socitey |
1831; Socitey trying to unite Italy; Invited old Carbonari members |
| |
Pope Piux IX |
"Liberal pope who supported Italian unificaiton; Initially feared; Fled from Rome when a Republic was proclaimed, but the French military restored him to power" |
| |
Sardinia |
The locaitons where the 1848 revoluitons actually did something (In Italy) |
| |
King Victor Emmanuel II |
"IN Sardinia, granted a liberal constitution to the people in 1848 with elections and partlimentary control of taxes" |
| |
(Giuseppe) Mazzini |
1831; Founder of the Young Italy Socitey; Soul of the Italian unificaiton; Speeches and pamphlets inspired people; Wanted a democratic republic |
| |
(Giuseppe) Garibaldi |
Wanted a democratic republic; Military leader of the Red Shirts; Military leader of Italian unification |
| |
Red Shirts |
"An Italian Guerrilla Army, under Garibaldi, that fought for a democratic republic" |
| |
(Camillo) Cavour |
1852; Prime minister of Piedmont-Sardinia; encouraged industry; Used force to get Austria out of Northern Italy; Sought support of Napoleon III |
| |
Lateran Treaty |
1929; Treaty in which Italy recognized the existence of Vatican City as an independnt state and the pope as its leader |
| |
German Confederation |
"A weak body of German states, dominated by Austria" |
| |
Zollverein |
1934; German customs union under the leadership of Prussia; German states (except Austria) were joined into a single economic union |
| |
(Prussian Aristocracy) Junkers |
Prussians who supported the efforts of the Hohenzollerns |
| |
Hohenzollerns |
The ruling dynasty of Prussia |
| |
(Otto Von) Bismark |
"Chief minister of Prusisia 1962; Junker; Despised democracy; Germany could only be united by ""blood and iron""" |
| |
Wilhelm I |
King of Prussia who became emperor in 1871; Supported Bismark |
| |
(Helmuth von) Moltke |
Prussian general and chief of staff who built up a strong army and navy that enabled Bismark to achieve success |
| |
Iron Chancellor |
A nickname for Bismark |
| |
Seven Weeks War |
Another name for the Austro-Prussian War |
| |
North German Confederation |
"1867; Prussia and other German states, rulled by the Prussian king and a legislature" |
| |
Reichstag |
The lower house of the North German Confederation legislature; Represented all the people elected by univeral male suffrage |
| |
Bundersrat |
The upper house of the North German Confederation legislature; represented the German states |
| |
Treaty of Frankfurt |
"1871; After the seige of Paris, France ceded Alsace and Lorraine to Germany and agreed to pay Germany" |
| |
German Empire |
1871; The official name of Germany proclaimed at Versailles |
| |
Kaiser |
The Emperor of Germany |
| |
Chancellor |
Name for a prime minister; Shared power with the German Kaiser |
| |
Kulturkampf |
Bismark's policy to make Catholics put loyalty in the state rather than in the Church |
| |
Catholic Center Party |
"The Party, in response to Bismark's Kulturkampf, which Catholics joined" |
| |
Francis Joseph I |
Emperor of Austria-Hungary who tried to unify the country; Depleted military strength |
| |
Ausgleich |
Short name which established the Dual Monarchy |
| |
Compromise of 1867 |
Long name which establiushed the Dual Monarchy |
| |
Dual Monarchy |
"The government under which Austria and Hugary were separate states, each having its own parliament and legislature and joined under the leadership of Francis Joseph I" |
| |
Tanzimat |
Reorgzniation in the Ottoman Empire which introduced equality for all religions and modernized the economy |
| |
(Sultan) Abdulhamid |
The ruler of the Ottoman Empire who abandoned the European model and tried to rebuild the autocratic power of earlier rulers |
| |
Armenians |
Christian people in the mountainous regions of the Ottoman Empire |
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