 | Term | Definition |
| |
motivation |
need or deisre that energizes and directs behavior |
| |
instinct |
complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned |
| |
drive-reduction theory |
idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need |
| |
homeostasis |
tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; ex. regulation of blood glucose |
| |
incentive |
positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior |
| |
hierarchy of needs |
Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active |
| |
glucose |
form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues |
| |
set point |
point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set |
| |
basal metabolic rate |
body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| |
anorexia nervosa |
eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve |
| |
bulimia nervosa |
eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise |
| |
sexual response cycle |
four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson |
| |
excitement phase |
genital areas become engorged with blood |
| |
plateau phase |
excitement peaks as breathing, pulse, and blood pressure rates continue to increase |
| |
orgasm |
further increases in breathing, pulse, and blood pressure |
| |
resolution phase |
male enters refractory period during which he is incapable of having another orgasm |
| |
refractory period |
resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm |
| |
sexual disorder |
problem that consistently impairs a sexual arousal or functioning |
| |
estrogen |
sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by female than males |
| |
testosterone |
most important of the male sex hormones |
| |
sexual orientation |
enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex |
| |
flow |
completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time |
| |
structured interviews |
interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants |
| |
achievement motivation |
desire for significant accomplishment |
| |
task leadership |
goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals |
| |
social leadership |
group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support |
