 | Term | Definition |
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heredity |
the passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring |
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Genetics |
study of heredity |
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trait |
each different form of a characteristic |
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Who studied pea plants |
Mendel |
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Why were pea plants used? |
their ability to pollinate could be controlled |
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pollination |
fertilization or the joining of sperm and egg |
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purebred |
plants or animals that only carried the same traits for many generations |
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P Generation |
the first generation |
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F1 Generation |
the generation that came from the P generation |
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F2 Generation |
the generation produced when the F1 generation is crossed |
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What controls the inheritance of traits? |
factors or genetic information |
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How do factors exist? |
in pairs |
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What can one factor in a pair do to another factor? |
mask it |
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Genes |
factors that control traits |
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alleles |
the different forms of a gene |
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dominant alleles |
always show up if present in an organism - example tallness |
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recessive alleles |
only show up when the dominant alleles is not present - example shortness |
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hybrid |
an organism with two different alleles - Tt |
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Purebred |
organism with the same alleles - tt or TT |
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Probability |
a number that describes the likelyhood that an event will occur |
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Punnett Squares |
chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
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phenotypes |
the physical traits that an offspring have (what you see) |
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genotypes |
the genetic makeup, or combination of alleles |
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homozygous |
two identical alleles |
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heterozygous |
two different alleles |
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codominance |
a trait that is neither dominant or recessive |
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What is another term for codominance? |
heterozygous |
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What is an example of codominance? |
red flower crosses with white flower and pink offspring occur |
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What comes in pairs - one from mom and one from dad? |
chromosomes |
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Chromosome theory of Inheritance |
genes are carried from parent to their offspring on chromosomes |
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meiosis |
process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells - sperm and egg |
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half |
the number of chromosomes received from the original cell |
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Chromosomes |
made up of many genes joined together like beads on a string |
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How many pairs of chromosomes does each person - normally or typically have? |
23 pairs |
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What is the main function of genes? |
to control the production of protein |
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What is located inside the nucleus and is said to have "unzipped"? |
DNA |
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What bases match up to the DNA? |
RNA |
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What does messenger RNA attach to? |
a ribosome |
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Where does messenger RNA enter? |
the cytoplasm |
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What attaches to the Messenger RNA? |
Transfer RNA |
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What does Transfer RNA contain? |
an amino acid and a 3 letter code of bases |
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When does protein production stop? |
when it is told to by a 3 letter code |
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What can cause a cell to create the wrong protein or not protein at all? |
a mutation |
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What are some examples of mutations during protein production? |
incomplete protein, no protein at all, wrong protein |
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What are harmful and cause genetic problems? |
mutations |
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Do all mutations create problems? |
some create no harm or even a variety of options |
