 | Term | Definition |
| |
Salivary Glands |
moisten food, add amylase to food (breaks down starch) |
| |
Teeth |
aid in mechanical digestion in mouth |
| |
cardiac sphincter |
upper muscle of stomach that keeps food down |
| |
pyloric sphincter |
lower muscle of stomach that lets food into duodenum |
| |
gastric glands |
secrete HCl to denature proteins in food |
| |
duodenum |
beginning of small intestine |
| |
liver |
makes bile and secretes it into duodenum via bile duct |
| |
pancreas |
secretes sodium bicarbonate and enzymes into duodenum via bile duct |
| |
intestinal glands |
secrete 3 types of enzymes into jejunum |
| |
large intestine |
leftover parts of food concentrated into feces |
| |
appendix |
dead end sac; safe haven for good bacteria |
| |
rectum |
holding area for feces |
| |
anus |
place where sphincter muscles control release of feces |
| |
nasal cavity |
clean and moisten air (mucus and hair) |
| |
sunuses |
blind cavities in face; make mucus; create resonance; easily get infected |
| |
hard palate |
prevents hard objects from puncturing nasal cavities |
| |
pharynx |
grand central station- mouth, nasal cavity, esophagus, trachea! (in throat) |
| |
esophagus |
where the food goes down to stomach |
| |
epiglottis |
flap covering glottis; closes trachea when swallowing |
| |
glottis |
opening to trachea |
| |
trachea |
connects pharynx to bronchi; held open by rings of cartilage |
| |
larynx |
voice box- houses vocal cords |
| |
bronchi |
two branches of trachea; lined with mucus, cilia, and muscles |
| |
bronchioles |
smaller versions of bronchi (branches) |
| |
alveoli |
small, membranous sacs; where bronchioles end, where gas exchange occurs |
| |
pleura |
smooth lining of lungs that allows them to easily expand |
| |
diaphragm |
sheet of muscle under lungs/over stomach; contracts to inhale |
| |
arteries |
carry blood away from heart (usually oxygenated) |
| |
capillaries |
connect arterioles to venules (one cell thick); things can diffuse across them, ALL over the body |
| |
arterioles |
small branched arteries |
| |
venules |
small branched veins |
| |
veins |
carry blood back to the heart; blood more sluggish- moves by gravity; valves prevent backflow |
| |
adrenal gland |
endocrine gland that makes hormones adrenaline and nonadrenaline; |
| |
kidney |
organ that removes waste from blood |
| |
ureter |
carries urine from kidneys to bladder |
| |
bladder |
muscular sac that stores urine- can S T R E T C H |
| |
urethra |
carries urine from bladder to toilet |
