 | Term | Definition |
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Revolution |
the movement of an object around another object |
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Rotation |
the spinning motion of a planet about its axis |
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Orbit |
the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space |
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Solstice |
the two days of the year on which the noon sun is directly overhead at either 23.5 degrees South or 23.5 degrees North happens in june and december |
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Equinox |
the two days of the year on which neither hemisphere is tilted toward ro away from the sun happens in march and september |
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Moon Phase |
one of the different shapes of the moon as seen from earth |
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How many moon phases are there? |
8 |
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Name the moon phases |
first quarter, waxing crescent, new moon, waning crescent, third quarter, waning gibbous, full moon, waxing gibbous |
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first quarter |
you see half of the lighted side of the moon |
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waxing crescent |
you see more and more of the lighted side of the moon |
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new moon |
the sun lights the side of the moon facing away from earth. The side of the moon that is dark faces earth |
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waning crescent |
you see a crescent again |
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third quarter |
you can see hald of the moon's lighted side |
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waning gibbous |
the fraction of the lighted side of the moon that you see gets smaller each day |
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full moon |
you see the whole lighted side of the moon |
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waxing gibbous |
the moon continues to wax. |
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how long does it take for the moon to complete its cycle? |
29.5 days |
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how long is a "day" on the moon? |
27.5 days |
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why have we here on earth not seen the back side of the moon? |
because the rotation and revolution are moving at the same time in the same places |
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how does a solar eclipse occur? |
the blocking of sunlight to earth that occurs when the moon is between the sun and earth |
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why do we not experience a lunar or solar eclipse once a month |
because the moon adn the sun are not in the position for that to happen |
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which type of eclipse are we most likely to experience in our lifetime? why? |
a lunar eclipse because it is more likely the moon to block the sun to the earth then have all the moon and the sun and the earth line up to block the sunlight |
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umbra |
the darkest part of the shadow |
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penumbra |
the part of the shadow surrounding the darkest part |
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what causes the oceans, seas, and large lakes |
tides |
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which law of newtons is demonstrated in the launching of a rocket |
newtons third law |
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satellites |
any object that revolves around another object in space |
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geosynchronous orbit |
th orbit of a satellite that revolves around the earth at the same time the earth rotates |
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GPS |
global positioning system and we use it to find or way around places like directions |
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space stations |
a large satellite in which people can live in for long periods of time |
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what is the advantage of space shuttles over rockets |
because space shuttles can take off in one part unlike rockets which have a 3 part launching system |
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marias |
dark, flat regions on the moons surface |
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craters |
a round pit on the moons surface |
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highlands |
like mountains on the moon |
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who explored the moon? |
Buzz Aldren |
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what mission landed people on the moon |
apollo 13 and the eagle |
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what were some things they discovered |
they discovered that the moon had almost completely cooled, that there were no volcanoes, and things like marias and highlands |
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who is Galileo |
a italian astronomer who was the first person to use telescopes to study stars and he proved Copernicus's theroy which made the church get mad at him and shun him. |
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what is a geocentric idea of the solar system? |
that earth is in the center of all |
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what was ptolemys contribution to astronomy |
The Earth, he argued, is a stationary sphere at the centre of a vastly larger celestial sphere that revolves at a perfectly uniform rate around the Earth, carrying with it the stars, planets, Sun, and Moon—thereby causing their daily risings and settings. Through the course of a year the Sun slowly traces out a great circle, known as the ecliptic, against the rotation of the celestial sphere. |
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Copernicus |
proposed the now accepted theroy that the planets move around the sun |
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What are 2 factors that keep the planets in orbit |
Inertia and Gravity |
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Which of these factors pull inward |
gravity |
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which of these factors push outward |
inertia |
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Sequence solar system, sun, galaxy, local group, cornet, earth, and jupiter from smallest to largest |
cornet, local group, earth, sun, jupiter, solar system, galaxy |
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list the layers of the sun |
corona, chromosphere, photosphere, inner core, core |
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classify the sun in terms of heat and brightness |
dwarf and dull |
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which layer is the hottest |
corona |
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why should we not look at the corona |
because you can become blinded |
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what are sun spots and are they hotter or coolers than the suns surface |
is a region on the Sun's surface (photosphere) that is marked by a lower temperature than its surroundings and has intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of low surface temperature. Although they are blindingly bright at temperatures of roughly 4000-4500 K, the contrast with the surrounding material at about 5800 K leaves them clearly visible as dark spots. If they were isolated from the surrounding photosphere they would be brighter than an electric arc. A minimum in the eleven-year sunspot cycle may have taken place in late 2007 and while the observation of a reverse polarity sunspot on 4 January 2008 officially began Cycle 24, no additional sunspots have yet been seen in this cycle. Sunspots are often related to intense magnetic activity such as coronal loops and reconnection. Most solar flares and coronal mass ejections originate in magnetically active regions around sunspot groupings. Similar phenomena observed on stars other than the Sun are commonly called starspots and both light (warm) and dark (cool) spots are seen.and it is cooler than the suns surface |
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solar flares |
A CME (coronal mass ejection) is a violent explosion in the Sun's atmosphere releasing up to a total energy of 6 × 1025 Joules. Solar flares take place in the solar corona and chromosphere, heating plasma to tens of millions of kelvins and accelerating electrons, protons and heavier ions to near the speed of light. They produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays. Most flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields emerge from the Sun's surface into the corona. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. |
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how is heat created on the sun? |
nuclear fusion |
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what is the next phase in the star cycle for our sun? |
super giant |
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which is our "sister" planet |
venus |
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how moons do mars have? name them |
2 and phobus and deimos |
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where is the asteroid belt? |
between mars and jupiter |
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describe mercurys atmosphere |
a very thin atmosphere |
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why is venus hotter than mercury |
A CME (coronal mass ejection) is a violent explosion in the Sun's atmosphere releasing up to a total energy of 6 × 1025 Joules. Solar flares take place in the solar corona and chromosphere, heating plasma to tens of millions of kelvins and accelerating electrons, protons and heavier ions to near the speed of light. They produce electromagnetic radiation across the electromagnetic spectrum at all wavelengths from long-wave radio to the shortest wavelength gamma rays. Most flares occur in active regions around sunspots, where intense magnetic fields emerge from the Sun's surface into the corona. Flares are powered by the sudden (timescales of minutes to tens of minutes) release of magnetic energy stored in the corona. |
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what is the greenhouse effect and what planet has this type of condition? |
climate change/global warming, Uranus |
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what missions explored mars |
viking 1 and 2 |
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what are some of the discoveries that have been made on mars? |
have discovered new space rocks and stars |
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list the inner planets |
Mercury Venus Earth Mars |
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name jupiters frozen moon and its volcanic moon? |
frozen: europa volcanic:Io |
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comet |
a celestial body moving about the sun, usually in a highly eccentric orbit, consisting of a central mass surrounded by an envelope of dust and gas that may form a tail that streams away from the sun. |
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asteroid |
Also called minor planet. Astronomy. any of the thousands of small bodies of from 480 miles (775 km) to less than one mile (1.6 km) in diameter that revolve about the sun in orbits lying mostly between those of Mars and Jupiter. |
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meteors |
A bright trail or streak that appears in the sky when a meteoroid is heated to incandescence by friction with the earth's atmosphere. Also called falling star, meteor burst, shooting star. |
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name plutos moon |
Charon |
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what type of planet is pluto |
dwarf planet |
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why was pluto demoted? |
because it is to small and is too far away |
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Name the colors of the visible spectrum in order from red |
red orange yellow green blue indigo violet |
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what is the longest wavelength on the EMS |
radio waves |
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the shortest wavelength on the EMS |
gamma rays |
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name a medical use for gamma rays here on earth |
treatment to cancer |
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what is the only section of the EMS visable to the human light |
visable rays |
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what is the major different between a reflecting and refracting telescope |
the reflecting telescope reflects light and the refracting takes in light |
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name telescopes that are used to collect other forms of EMS |
radiation telescope |
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spectrograph |
a spectroscope for photographing or producing a representation of a spectrum. |
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if a star glows red instead of blue what does that tell astronomers |
that the red star is not as hot |
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parallax |
the apparent displacement of an observed object due to a change in the position of the observer. |
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universe |
a world or sphere in which something exists or prevails: his private universe. |
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three characteristics used to classify stars |
brightness temperature and size |
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apparent magnitude |
how bright the star seems to be |
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absolute magnitude |
actual brightness |
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How does the Herzsprung-Russel Diagram (H-R) tell us about stars |
tells us the temperature and the luminosity |
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Where is our sun on the H-R Diagram |
in the main sequence |
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What does it location tell us about the sun? |
it tells us that our sun is dull in brightness and not very hott |
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why if our sun is so small compared to other stars does it seem so bright to us |
because it is the brightest thing we have seen we haven't seen the brightest super giants. |
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As our sun uses up all of its hydrogen what will it become |
a giant |
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could our sun ever become a black hole? |
yes because when i star "dies" they could become a black hole |
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nebula |
is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen gas and plasma. It is the first stage of a star's cycle. Originally nebula was a general name for any extended astronomical object, including galaxies beyond the Milky Way (some examples of the older usage survive; for example, the Andromeda Galaxy was referred to as the Andromeda Nebula before galaxies were discovered by Edwin Hubble). Nebulae often form star-forming regions, such as in the Eagle Nebula. This nebula is depicted in one of NASA's most famous images, the "Pillars of Creation". In these regions the formations of gas, dust and other materials 'clump' together to form larger masses, which attract further matter, and eventually will become big enough to form stars. The remaining materials are then believed to form planets, and other planetary system objects. |
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protostar |
is a large object that forms by contraction out of the gas of a giant molecular cloud in the interstellar medium. The protostellar phase is an early stage in the process of star formation. For a solar-mass star it lasts about 100,000 years. It starts with a core of increased density in a molecular cloud and ends with the formation of a T Tauri star, which then develops into a main sequence star. This is heralded by the T Tauri wind, a type of super solar wind that marks the change from the star accreting mass into radiating energy. |
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What type of nuclear reaction is necessary for a star to "be born" |
nuclear fusion |
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what is the first element being formed? what is the later element |
first-He later- Be |
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What determines how long a star will live? |
size and mass |
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What causes a star to "die" |
it runs out fuel |
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what are white dwarfs |
also called a degenerate dwarf, is a small star composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter. As white dwarfs have mass comparable to the Sun's and their volume is comparable to the Earth's, they are very dense. Their faint luminosity comes from the emission of stored heat.[1] They comprise roughly 6% of all known stars in the solar neighborhood.[2] The unusual faintness of white dwarfs was first recognized in 1910 by Henry Norris Russell, Edward Charles Pickering and Williamina Fleming;[3], p. 1 the name white dwarf was coined by Willem Luyten in 1922.[4] |
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when does a white star become a black dwarf? |
when the white dwarf star runs out of energy |
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neutron star |
A typical neutron star has a mass between 1.35 and about 2.1 solar masses, with a corresponding radius between 20 and 10 km,[1] respectively — 30,000 to 70,000 times smaller than the Sun. Thus, neutron stars have overall densities of 8.4×1016 to 1×1018 kg/m³,[2] which compares with the approximate density of an atomic nucleus of 3×1017 kg/m³.[3] The neutron star's density varies from below 1×109 kg/m³ in the crust increasing with depth to above 6 or 8×1017 kg/m³ deeper inside.[4] |
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what can happen to giant and super giants when they blow up |
they can become black holes |
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black holes |
is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, not even light, can escape its pull after having fallen past its event horizon. The term "Black Hole" comes from the fact that, at a certain point, even electromagnetic radiation (e.g. visible light) is unable to break away from the attraction of these massive objects. This renders the hole's interior invisible or, rather, black like the appearance of space itself. |
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what are quasars and why when is it like looking back in time |
because they are such distant stars that by the time that light gets to you it is like 1 million years old |
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what evidence do we have that black hole exist |
because when stars disappear |
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name the 3 shapes of galaxies |
spiral, elliptical, and oval |
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what is the shape of our galaxy? |
spiral |
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name our galaxy? |
milky way |
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what is the name of our closest galaxy and what is it called? |
Andromeda and it is a spiral |
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which type of galaxy contains old stars |
in spiral galaxy like the milky way |
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what was the big bang theory |
is a cosmological model of the universe that has become well supported by several independent observations. After Edwin Hubble discovered that galactic distances were generally proportional to their redshifts in 1929, this observation was taken to indicate that the universe is expanding.[1] If the universe is seen to be expanding today, then it must have been smaller, denser, and hotter in the past. This idea has been considered in detail all the way back to extreme densities and temperatures, and the resulting conclusions have been found to conform very closely to what is observed. |
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what evidence do we have of the big band theory? |
* First of all, we are reasonably certain that the universe had a beginning. Second, galaxies appear to be moving away from us at speeds proportional to their distance. This is called "Hubble's Law," named after Edwin Hubble (1889-1953) who discovered this phenomenon in 1929. This observation supports the expansion of the universe and suggests that the universe was once compacted.Third, if the universe was initially very, very hot as the Big Bang suggests, we should be able to find some remnant of this heat. In 1965, Radioastronomers Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson discovered a 2.725 degree Kelvin (-454.765 degree Fahrenheit, -270.425 degree Celsius) Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) which pervades the observable universe. This is thought to be the remnant which scientists were looking for. Penzias and Wilson shared in the 1978 Nobel Prize for Physics for their discovery.Finally, the abundance of the "light elements" Hydrogen and Helium found in the observable universe are thought to support the Big Bang model of origins. |
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how did our solar system form? |
the big bang theory |
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what observations do we have that the universe is expanding |
galaxies are moving father and farther apart |
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explain red shift |
is a shift in the frequency of a photon toward lower energy, or longer wavelength. The redshift is defined as the change in the wavelength of the light divided by the rest wavelength of the light, as |
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what do you think will happen to the universe in the future |
the big crunch theory |
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what is the study of the universe called |
cosmology |
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name the most common elements in the universe |
CHON |
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what is a specific group of stars called? |
constellation |
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How are rockets launched |
according to Newtons 3rd law of motion for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction |
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What is a multi stage rocket and how does it work |
Rocket launch vehicle made up of several rocket stages (often three) joined end to end. The bottom, or first, stage fires first, boosting the vehicle to high speed, then it falls away. The second stage fires, thrusting the now lighter vehicle even faster. The remaining stages fire and fall away in turn, ending with the upper stage, boosting the vehicle's payload (cargo) to orbital velocity or escape velocity. |
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what parts fall off |
the first and second part |
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what is the action force |
take off |
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what is the reaction force |
lift off |
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what is necessary in order for them to stay in orbit |
gravity and inertia |
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what is a G force and how does it affect astronauts in space? |
gravitational pull affects astronauts because how much pressure you can hold the pull of gravity on a falling object |
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what was the chemistry that created the action force in the chemical rockets you constructed in class? |
it was the pill thingy (forgot its name) disolving in the water and releasing the co2 |
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what was the physics behind the launch? you must explain both forces at work as the rocket took off |
when the rocket took of it was building up potential energy and releasing the co2 |
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matter |
anything that has mass and takes up space |
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what is the smallest whole unit of matter |
atom |
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which one is smaller an atom or a cell |
atom |
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name the charges on the particle of an atom |
positive and the protons and on the electrons negative the neutrons have no charge |
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where is most of the atoms volume located |
the space between the nucleus and the protons |
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where is most of the mass located |
in the nucleus |
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what is the overall charge on the nucleus |
postive |
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what does electrically neutral mean |
that there are the same amount of protons as there are neutrons and electrons so then the overall charge is the same |
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dalton model |
1808 solid ball john dalton |
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thomson model |
1897 chocolate chip cookie model j.j. thompson |
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nagoka model |
1904 showed electrons hantaro nagoka |
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rutherford model |
1911 thought that the atom was mostly empy space ernest rutherford |
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bohr model |
1913 showed layers and shells niels bohr |
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chadwick model |
1932 neutrons james chadwick |
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present model |
present electron negatively charged cloud |
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what is the current model of the atom called |
electron cloud model |
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who gets credit for the discovery of the nucleus of an atom |
nagoka |
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who gets credit for the empty space model |
rutherford |
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what is the comparative size of the nucleus compared to an electron |
orange and fly |
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what is the energy level farthest away from the nucleus cloud |
valence shell |
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what can the first shell hold |
2 |
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what can the second shell hold |
8 |
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what can the third shell hold |
18 |
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what is the relationship between the number of election in the valence shell and its position on the PTE |
the numbers of the valence electrons get larger as you move from LHS-RHS across the PTE |
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what are quarks |
Any of a group of six elementary particles having electric charges of a magnitude one-third or two-thirds that of the electron, regarded as constituents of all hadrons. |
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element |
any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter |
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what are vertical columns called on the pte |
familys |
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what are the horizontal rows called on the pte |
periods |
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what information does the pte tell us about each element |
its mass number of protons neutrons and electrons also valence electrons |
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what type of element are most of the elements on the pte |
metal |
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apx. how many of these are naturally found |
more than half |
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which element is the most abundant in the earths crust? |
oxygen |
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most abundant in the earths atmosphere? |
nitrogen |
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most abundant in humans |
carbon |
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List the 4 most common elements in human body |
CHON |
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what is the function of the zig zag line on the pte? |
separates the metals from the metalloids |
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group 1 |
alkali metals |
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group 2 |
alkaline earth metals |
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group 3-12 |
transition metals |
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group 13 |
boron |
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group 17 |
halogen |
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group 18 |
noble gas |
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what is special about group 18 |
Helium has 2 valence electrons when the rest of the elements have 8 valence electrons |
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what are properties of metals |
good conductors shininess malleability ductility magnetic |
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what are properties of non metals |
dull brittle poor conductors lower density than metals can be solid liquid or gas |
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what are properties of metalloid's |
they have properties of both metals and non-metals |
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what is the most famous metalloid |
Silicon |
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Name a use for two different metalloids |
silicon-computers and arsenic-rat posion |
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what is a semiconductor and name one of their major properties |
Any of various solid crystalline substances, such as germanium or silicon, having electrical conductivity greater than insulators but less than good conductors, and used especially as a base material for computer chips and other electronic devices. |
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if an element is in group 1 how many valence electrons does it have |
1 and it likes to give away |
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what type of ions are formed by metals |
negative |
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what type of ions are formed by non-metals |
positive |
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Malleability |
Capable of being shaped or formed, as by hammering or pressure: a malleable metal. |
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Ductility |
Easily drawn into wire or hammered thin: ductile metals. |
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Luster |
Soft reflected light; sheen. |
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Conductivity |
The ability or power to conduct or transmit heat, electricity, or sound. |
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Oxidation |
.) A reaction in which the atoms in an element lose electrons and the valence of the element is correspondingly increased. |
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Tarnishing |
To dull the luster of; discolor, especially by exposure to air or dirt. |
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name the liquids on the pte |
mercury and bromine |
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how could all gases become a solid |
sublimation |
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what does the atomic # tell us about an element |
the number of electrons |
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what does the mass tell us about an element |
number of protons |
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why are there elements on the pte that have not been named |
because chemist could not keep the element long enough to find its mass and atomic number |
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what part of an atom is involved in chemical bonding |
valence electrons |
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can an element be a nonmetal and a gas?how? |
yes just like all of the noble gases |
| |
which of the following elements have the most valence electrons Na, B, Cl |
Cl has the most valence electrons |
| |
what chemical reaction occurred on the statue of liberty |
oxidation |
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name the elements involved? |
copper |
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what are alloys |
a mixture of two metals ex: steel |
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what is used to make bronze |
copper+tin |
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why are some of the symbols on the pte not similar to the name of the element |
because some are Latin and named after the chemist who discovered it |
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if a new element were to be discovered in the next week what could chemist predict about that element |
where it would go and the atomic number |
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who is credited for putting together the idea of the pte |
Meendelev |
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what is the logic behind the pte pattern |
it is placed in the order of valence electron moving up as you go from LHS-RHS across the table also with atomic numbers increasing from LHS-RHS as you move across the table |
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Pure Substance |
are often defined as "any material with a definite chemical composition" in most introductory general chemistry textbooks.[3] According to this definition a chemical substance can either be a pure chemical element or a pure chemical compound. However, there are exceptions to this definition, a pure substance can also be defined as a form of matter that has both definite composition and distinct properties.[4] and the chemical substance index published by CAS also includes several alloys of uncertain composition.[5] Non-stoichiometric compounds are a special case (in inorganic chemistry) that violates the law of constant composition, and for them, it is sometimes difficult to draw the line between a mixture and a compound, as in the case of palladium hydride. |
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mixture |
is a substance made by combining two or more different materials with no chemical reaction occurring. The objects do not bond together in a mixture. A mixture can usually be separated back into its original components. Some examples of mixtures are: fruit salad, ocean water and soil. Mixtures are the product of a mechanical blending or mixing of chemical substances like elements and compounds, without chemical bonding or other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains it's own chemical properties and makeup.[1] |
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homozygous mixture |
the substances are so evenly mixed you cannot see the different parts ex: air |
| |
heterogeneous mixture |
you can see the different parts ex: salad |
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compound |
is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by mass.[1][2] |
| |
ions |
s an atom or molecule which has lost or gained one or more valence electrons, giving it a positive or negative electrical charge. |
| |
diatomic molecules |
are molecules made only of two atoms, of either the same or different chemical elements. The prefix di- means two in Greek. |
| |
what makes up steel |
chromium+vanadium |
| |
thermal conductivity |
is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. It appears primarily in Fourier's Law for heat conduction. |
| |
exothermic reaction |
gives off energy |
| |
endothermic reaction |
takes in energy |
| |
forms of energy |
kinetic, potential,electromagnetic,electrical,and thermal |
| |
What is special about hydrogen |
it is a non metal on the metal side of the table but acts more like a metalloid |
| |
what are the two types of bonding called |
ionic and convalent |
| |
what is an oxidation # |
of a central atom in a coordination compound is the charge that it would have if all the ligands were removed along with the electron pairs that were shared with the central atom.[1] It is used in the nomenclature of inorganic compounds. It is represented by a Roman numeral; the plus sign is omitted for positive oxidation numbers. The oxidation number is placed either as a right superscript to the element symbol, e.g. FeIII, or in parentheses after the name of the element, e.g. iron(III): in the latter case, there is no space between the element name and the oxidation number. |
| |
list oxidation # for family 1,2,13,14,15,16,17,18 |
family1=1, family 2=2, family 13=3, family 14=4, family 15=5, family16=6, family 17=7, family 18=8 |
| |
if an ion has a + oxidation number? what does that tell you about the ion? |
that it wants to give away electrons |
| |
if an ion has a - oxidation# what does that tell you about the ion? |
that it wants to take in electons |
| |
what charge is on all ions formed by group 1and group 2 |
positive |
| |
what type of ion is formed by the halogen family |
negative |
| |
in general what type of compound forms when a metal ion and non metal ion bond |
positive compound |
| |
list characteristics of ionic compound |
charges need tlo cancel each other out + attract - |
| |
explain why a salt water solution can carry electric current |
because it is an ionic compound |
| |
which type of bond produces crystals |
covalent |
| |
give an example of a substance that is crystalline |
sugar and water solution |
| |
what are poly atomic ions |
is an ion consisting of a molecule with covalently bonded atoms or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. |
| |
covalent bonding |
is a form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms, or between atoms and other covalent bonds. In short, attraction-to-repulsion stability that forms between atoms when they share electrons is known as covalent bonding. |
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what type of elements bond covalently |
between non-metals only! |
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how are double-bonds formed |
with 4 electrons |
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give an example of a double bond |
two oxygens |
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what are properties of covalent or molecular compounds |
made from ATOMS not ions! |
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what type of compound is sugar? water? |
molecular compounds |
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why are molecular compounds good insulators? |
because they are good conductors |
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what is unequal sharing of electrons called? |
polar |
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name to molecular compounds |
ice, sugar |
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what does electrically neutral mean in the formation of ionic compounds? |
its means that there are the same number of valence electrons |
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what is a subscript? |
is a number, figure, symbol, or indicator that appears smaller than the normal line of type and is set slightly below or above it – subscripts appear at or below the baseline, while superscripts are above. Subscripts and superscripts are perhaps best known for their use in formulas, mathematical expressions, and descriptions of chemical compounds or isotopes, but have many other uses as well. |
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what is an equation? |
is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. [1] The coefficients next to the symbols and formulae of entities are the absolute values of the stoichiometric numbers. The first chemical equation was diagrammed by Jean Beguin in 1615. the quantity of each element does not change. Thus, each side of the equation must represent the same quantity of any particular element. Also in case of net ionic reactions the same charge must be present on both sides of the hiddly unbalanced equation, one may balance it by changing the scalar number for each molecular formula. |
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chemical equation? |
its a way of showing what happens in a chemical reaction using symbols instead of words |
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law of conservation of mass |
also known as law of mass/matter conservation (or the Lomonosov-Lavoisier law), states that the mass of a closed system will remain constant, regardless of the processes acting inside the system. An equivalent statement is that matter cannot be created/destroyed, although it may be rearranged. This implies that for any chemical process in a closed system, the mass of the reactants must equal the mass of the products. |
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law of conservation of energy |
states that the total amount of energy in any isolated system remains constant but cannot be recreated, although it may change forms, e.g. friction turns kinetic energy into thermal energy. In thermodynamics, the first law of thermodynamics is a statement of the conservation of energy for thermodynamic systems, and is the more encompassing version of the conservation of energy. In short, the law of conservation of energy states that energy can not be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another. |
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what name is given to substances on the RHS and LHS of the equations |
reactant |
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what is another name for heat energy |
thermal energy |
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kinetic energy |
of an object is the extra energy which it possesses due to its motion. It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its current velocity. Having gained this energy during its acceleration, the body maintains this kinetic energy unless its speed changes. Negative work of the same magnitude would be required to return the body to a state of rest from that velocity. |
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potential energy |
can be thought of as energy stored within a physical system. It is called potential energy because it has the potential to be converted into other forms of energy, such as kinetic energy, and to do work in the process. The standard (SI) unit of measure for potential energy is the joule, the same as for work, or energy in general. |
