 | Term | Definition |
| |
genotype |
letter representing a phenotype |
| |
phenotype |
what the trait is |
| |
homozygous |
purebred |
| |
heterozygous |
hybrid |
| |
Mendel |
1822-1884 |
| |
Gregor Mendel |
experimented on pea plants |
| |
inherited characteristics |
genetically determined traits |
| |
acquired characteristics |
learned traits |
| |
Law of Unit Characters |
genetic characters are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs in individual organisms |
| |
Law of Dominance |
when you have 2 alleles, one will dominate the other |
| |
Law of Independent Assortment |
during gamete formation, segregating pairs of a unit factor assort independently of each other |
| |
monohybrid cross |
crossing of one phenotype |
| |
dihybrid cross |
crossing of two phenotypes |
| |
Law of Segregation |
during gamete formation, gene pairs, which are located on the homologous chromosomes, segregate |
| |
Alleles |
variations of traits |
| |
Incomplete dominance |
both traits are shown |
| |
co-dominance |
failure to allow one to dominate |
| |
trait |
charateristic |
| |
cross-fertilization |
crossing of genes |
| |
parental generation |
parents |
| |
F1 generation |
children |
| |
F2 generation |
grand-children |
| |
polygenic inheritance |
single trait influences other traits |
| |
pletrophy |
when a single gene is influenced by many genes |
| |
epistasis |
a gene being blocked by another gene |
| |
O |
ii |
| |
A |
IAIA or IAi |
| |
B |
IBIB or IBi |
| |
AB |
IAIB |
