 | Term | Definition |
| |
hydroxide ion (OH) |
a water molecule that loses a hydrogen ion becoming negatively charged |
| |
hydronium ion (H3O) |
a water molecule that gains a hydrogen ion becoming positively charged |
| |
self-ionization |
the reaction in which two water molecules produce ions |
| |
neutral solution |
any aqueous solution in which [H] and [OH] are equal |
| |
acidic solution |
one in which [H] is greater than [OH] |
| |
basic solution |
one in which [H] is less than [OH] |
| |
pH |
of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentraion |
| |
acid-base indicators |
is an acid or base that undergoes dissociation in a known pH range |
| |
pH meters |
are used to make rapid, accurate pH measurements |
| |
monoprotic acids |
acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen |
| |
diprotic acids |
acids that contain two ionizable hydrogens |
| |
triprotic acids |
acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens |
| |
hydrogen-ion donor |
the acid in a dissociation |
| |
hydrogen-ion acceptor |
the base in a dissociation |
| |
conjugate acid |
the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion |
| |
conjugate base |
the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion |
| |
conjugate acid-base pair |
consists of two substances related by the loss or gain of a single hydrogen ion |
| |
strong acids |
completely ionize in aqueous solutions |
| |
weak acids |
ionize only slightly in aqueous solutions |
| |
acid dissociation constant |
Ka=[H][A]/[HA] |
| |
strong bases |
dissociate completely into metal ions and hydroxide ions in aqueous solutions |
| |
weak bases |
react with water to form the hydroxide ion and the conjugate acid of the base |
| |
base dissocation constant |
Kb=[CA][OH]/[CB] |
| |
neutralization reactions |
the reaction of an acid with a base to produce a salt and water |
| |
standard solution |
the solution of known concentration |
| |
titration |
process of adding a known amount of solution of known concentration to determine he concentration of another solution |
| |
end point |
the point at which the indicator changes color |
