 | Term | Definition |
| |
Role of Astrocytes in Lesion Formation/Repair |
Secretion of inflam mediators, myelin antigen presentation to CD4 cells; Secretion of growth factors to promote remyelination |
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Role of Microglia cells in Lesion Formation/Repair |
(same as Astrocytes) Secretion of inflam mediators, myelin APCs to CD4 cells; Secretion of growth factors to promote remyelination |
| |
Role of Oligodendrocytes in Lesion Formation/Repair |
Targets of attack, secretion of inflam mediators, myelin APCs to CD4 cells; form myelin sheath to regenerate |
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Role of Endothelial cells in Lesion Formation/Repair |
Recruitment of mononuclear cells, APC; Maintence of BBB |
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Role of Th1 cells in Lesion Formation |
Secretion of cytokines promoting mononuclear inflam, and secretion of MMP-9 |
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Role of Th2 cells in Lesion Formation/Repair |
Support activation and differentiation of myelin-specific B cells; Inhibit activity of Th1 cells |
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Role of Th17 cells in Lesion Formation |
Secrete IL-17 (activates BBB endothelial cells to increase permeability and secrete chemokines) |
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Role of CTLs in Lesion Formation |
Kill Oligodendrocytes via perforin and granzymes |
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Role of Macrophages in Lesion Formation/Repair |
Secretion of cytokines and mediators which degrade myelin, APCs to CD4 cells; Secretion of anti-inflam cytokines (IL-10, TGF-beta) |
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Role of B cells in Lesion Formation |
Secrete anti-myelin antibodies |
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Role of NK cells in Lesion Formation |
Kill antibody coated oligodendrocytes |
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Source and Role of TNF |
T cells, MP, AC, MG; Pro-inflam, apoptosis of OL, activation of MP/MG and activation of BBB endothelial cells |
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Source and Role of gamma-IFN |
T cells; Pro-inflam, apoptosis of OL, activation of MP/MG, and activation of BBB endothelial cells |
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Source and Role of IL-12 |
MP, MG; Th1 polarization |
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Source and Role of IL-17 |
Th17 cells; Activate BBB endothelial cells |
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Source and Role of CC-chemokines |
Endothelial cells, MP, T cells, MG, AC, and OL; Attract and activate mononuclear cells |
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Source and Role of MMP-9 |
T cells; Degrade BBB, ECM and myelin |
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Source and Role of ROI, RNI |
MP, MG, AC, and OL; Degrade myelin sheath |
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Action of Corticosteroids |
Inhibit NF kappa beta - mediated transcription of many pro-inflam cytokines; very global effect |
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Action of beta-IFN |
Immunomodulatory; block T cell activation by inducing gene w/ protein that negatively regulates calcium influx; increases secretion of IL-10; inhibits secretion of gamma-IFN; blocks release of MMPs; influences Th1 to Th2 shift |
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Action of Glatiramer acetate (Capaxone) |
Display myelin peptides; lead to secretion of anti-inflam cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-alpha, by T cells |
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Action of Natalizumab |
Monoclonal antibody against alpha4 integrin; blocks interaction of VLA-4 on the T cell w/ VCAM-1 on endothelial cells, blocking entry into CNS |
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Action of Immunosuppressive Drugs (Methotrexate, Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Cladribine, and Mitoxantrone) |
Block lymphocyte proliferation; Cladribine- chemotherapy drug; Mitoxantrone- DNA intercalator |
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