 | Term | Definition |
| |
Principle of Dominance |
states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| |
Segregation and Independent Assortment |
when each F1 plant flowers, the 2 alleles segregate form eachother so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene; therefore, each F1 plant produces 2 types of gametes-those with the allele for tallness and those with the allele for shortness; alleles for seed shape segregated independently of those for seed color - independent assortment helps account for the many genetic variations in plants, animals and other organisms |
| |
Genotype |
genetic makeup; EX: genotype of the tall plant is TT |
| |
Phenotype |
physical characteristis |
| |
Homozygous |
organisms that have 2 identical alleles for a particular trait -TT or tt- homozygous organisms are truebreeding for a particular trait |
| |
Heterozygous |
organisms that have 2 different alleles for the same trait; heterozygous organisms are hybrid for a particular trait |
| |
Gregor Mendel |
when Mendel crossed plants with contrasting characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters; from these experiments, Mendel concluded that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive |
| |
Incomplete Dominance |
one allele is not completely dominant over another |
| |
Codominance |
both alleles contribute to the phenotype |
| |
Polygenic Traits |
"having many genes"- traits controlled by 2 or more genes |
| |
Multiple Alleles/Bloodtype |
genes that have more than 2 alleles; human genes for blood has more than 2 alleles |
| |
Probability |
the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
| |
Crossing Over |
results in the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes and produces new combinations of alleles |
| |
Meiosis |
Interphase 1, Prohase 1 & 2, Metaphase 1 & 2, Anaphase 1 & 2, Telophase 1 & 2/Cytokinesis |
| |
Haploid |
"one set" - a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes meaning only one set of genes |
| |
Diploid |
"two sets" - cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes |
| |
Homologous Chromosomes |
chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent |
