 | Term | Definition |
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trust |
group of corporations run by single board of directors |
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monopoly |
company that controls entire industry |
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thomas edison |
inventor. improved/refined lighbulb (incandescent flourescent) recording systems, projectors |
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alexander graham bell |
inventor; patented the telephone scottish born speech teacher who also worked with the hearing impaired |
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henry ford |
made model t. invented moving assembly line. rasied salary of employees. $5/week |
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ellis island |
immigrants coming from Europe went to. located in NYC |
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push factor |
factor, such as unemployment or the lack of freedom of speech, that makes people want to leave their country and move to another one |
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pull factor |
factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country |
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gilded age |
lasting from 1870's-1890s marked by political corruption and extravagant spending. was given name by mark twain |
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william "boss" tweed |
banker. political boss of New York who used corruption to cheat the city out of over 100 million; he was later arrested and executed by thomas nast |
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william howard taft |
served in cabinet. governer of philippine island.27th president (fattest). appointed cheif justice. starts projects and builds supreme court building. |
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woodrow wilson |
born in va. 28th president. gets us into WWI. progressive president during WWI. came up with fourteen points and league of nations |
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teddy roosevelt |
president helped built panaml canal. leader of rough riders during spanish/american war. built great naval fleet. |
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18th amendment |
made it illegal to sell alcohol drinks |
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19th amendment |
gave women right to vote |
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yellow journalism |
sensational ournalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers. what got us into spanish/american war. |
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joseph pulitzer |
hungarian immigrant. published New York World. one of the original yellow journalists; constantly competed with hearst for circulation of newspaper |
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william hearst |
published New York Journal. one of the original yellow journalists; constantly competed with pulitzer for circulation of newspaper; runs the story of the USS Maine, starting the Span-Amer war |
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U.S.S. maine |
US war ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War |
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spanish american war |
an 1898 conflict between the united states and spain, in which the united states supported cubans' fight for indepedence. started because of yellow journalism and the explosion of U.S.S. maine |
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dreadnought |
british built battleship that was heavily armed. starts armrace that leads to WWI. means fear not. |
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U Boat |
german submarine used in WWI and WWII |
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the triple alliance |
Hungary, Austria, Germany, Italy |
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the triple entente |
French, England, Russia. (entente=french word) |
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imperialism |
race for colonies |
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nationalism |
pride in one's country |
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militarism |
arms race. who can have bigger better deadliest powerful weapons. |
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treaty of versailles |
Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty 1)stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Airforce. 2) Germany had to rapair war damages(33 billion) 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI 4) Germany could not manefacture any weapons. main reason of WWII and hitler came to power. RETRIBUTION |
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ernest hemingway |
an American writer of fiction who lived in paris and won Nobel Prize for literature in 1954. important today/part of lost generation. wrote For Whom the Bell Tolls and Farewell to Arms. |
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f. scott fitzgerald |
buried at St. Mary's Church(Rockville) writer who wroteabout teens with drugs/alcohol. wrote The Great Gatsby |
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Charles Lindbergh |
United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean with no map, parachute, or radio |
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Herbert Hoover |
31 pres. republican. pres during great depressin. put in charge of relief effort after war. fantastic organizer |
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Black Tuesday |
oct. 29, 1929. day stock market crashed. start of great depression. stock prices went down because no buyers. |
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Soup Kitchen |
places where the hungry could get a free meal. |
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Civilian Conservation Corps |
by FDR. Gave young unemployed men jobs in fixing land and erosion problems. |
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National Recovery Administration |
Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy.It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. |
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Tennessee Valley Authority |
public works project on tenessee river. series of dams built to control flooding through out tenesse valley |
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Social Security Act |
act of congress. set up system of pensions for older people. set aside money in same way money deducted in paycheck. |
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Dust Bowl |
1934-major dust storms through Great Plains (Kansas Oklahoma. destroyed natural grass. wind scoop dried soil, lift in air, keeps moving south--dust everywhere. dirt filling houses..causes people to move west to California |
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Jospeh Stalin |
leader of soviet union. dictator |
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Facism |
a political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and has no tolerance for opposition. blind loayalty to the state |
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Benito Mussolini |
Italian fascist dictator/leader |
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Nazi |
a German member of Adolf Hitler's political party |
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Adolf Hitler |
German Nazi dictator during World War II |
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Neutrality Acts |
1937-outlawed selling/loaning arms to other countries, merchant ships from setting sail on unclaimed terr. Was made to protect from war |
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Nazi Soviet Pact |
agreement signed between hitler and stalin in 1939 which the 2 dictators agreed not to attack eachother |
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Axis |
military alliance of Japan, Italy, Germany, and 6 other nations |
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Allies |
WWII military alliance of Britain, France, Soviet Union, US, China, 45 other countries |
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Winston Churchill |
Soldier, politician and finally prime minister. was one of Britain's greatest 20th-century heroes. He is particularly remembered for his indomitable spirit while leading Great Britain to victory in World War II. |
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Totalitarianism |
single party. controls government and every aspect of peoples lives. ex: old soviet union. communist china |
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agression |
any warlike act by one county against another without a just cause |
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munich conference |
1938-Meeting between British,French,and German leaders in which Germany was given control of the Sudetenland in exchange for German leader Hitler's promise to make no more claimes on European . (appease hitler) |
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battle of britain |
germanys failed attempt to subdue Britain in 1940 in preparation for invasion |
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lend lease act |
law that allowed the US to sell arms and equipment to Britain during WWII |
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blitzkrieg |
swift [surprise] attacks launched by germany in WWII blitz-lightning kreig-war = lightning war |
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pearl harbor |
american naval base attacked by japan on december 7 1941 |
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U.S.S arizona |
battleship that sank (with 1000 some sailors) resting place for the ones who lost their lives on pearl harbor |
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rosie the riveter |
fictional woman who was symbol or working woman during WWII |
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general dwight eisenhower |
military commander of an allied forces |
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D Day |
June 6, 1944.the day the Allies invaded Normandy, France during WWII |
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general douglas macarthur |
led US and Filipino forces stand against the Japanese invasion. general/commander of philippine forces and pacific. |
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bataan death march |
Japanese marched more than 70,000 Americans + Filipinos 65 miles across the Bataan Peninsula to prison camps. most died on the way. little food and water. |
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battle of the bulge |
1944 1945-WWII battle in which the Allied forces ended Germany's ability to wage an offensive war |
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nuremberg trials |
nazi war crime trials, showed that people are responsible for their actions, even in wartime. 1945-46 |
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kamikaze |
a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II |
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battle of midway |
battle in pacific. fought by naval air forces. 1st battle japanese lose! june 1942 |
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iwo jima |
a bloody and prolonged operation on the island of Iwo Jima in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders (February and March 1945) |
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hiroshima and nagasaki |
places where bombs were dropped. H-1st to have atomic bomb dropped. N-last place. wiped out whole place |
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harry truman |
US president when WWII ended. made truman doctrine. |
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cold war |
when 2 countries compete for world power but do not clash directly in battle |
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arms race |
a competition between nations to have the most powerful armaments |
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berlin airlift |
cut off from the west, citizens of Berlin were supplied with food and fuel by this |
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korean war |
The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea. |
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iron curtain |
an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy. used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries |
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satellite nation |
a country that is dominated politically and economically by another nation |
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truman doctrine |
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communist expansion in turkey and greece |
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marshall plan |
american plan to help european nationas rebuild their economies after WWII. named after secretary of state George Marshall in western europe |
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NATO (north atlantic treaty organization) |
alliance formed in 1949 by the US and Western europe nationas to fight soviet aggressions |
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warsaw pact |
military alliance of the soviet union and other communist states in europe. established in 1955 |
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united nations |
world organization established in 1945 to provide peaceful resolutions to international conflicts |
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berlin wall |
built to stop pple from leaving the eastern section of the former german capital |
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mao zedong |
Chinese communist leader |
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chiang kai shek |
former Nationalist leader of China who fled to Taiwan after Mao Zedong took over |
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containment |
to keep soviet influence contained within existing boundaries |
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north korea |
a communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula |
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south korea |
a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula |
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38th parallel |
following WWII, korea was divided into north and south along this |
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demilitarized zone (DMZ) |
in 1954, vietnam was divided into north and south along this |
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alger hiss |
state department offical. was accused of giving secret government documents to the Soviets |
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senator joseph mccarthy |
1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential; "McCarthyism" was the fearful accusation of any dissenters of being communists |
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perjery |
lying under oath is to be guilty of this |
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levittown |
large post-WWII housing project built in long island, ny where the houses were all alike |
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baby boom |
great surge in the number of births following WWII |
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beatniks |
small group of writers and artists criticized what they saw as the growing materialm of american society and its lack of individuality |
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the howdy doody show |
most popular children's show of the 1950's |
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i love lucy |
most popular situation comedy in the history of television |
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nikita khrushchev |
became Soviet Leader after Stalins death. agreed to withdrawn their missiles in Cuba |
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fidel castro |
led the revolution of Cuba and took control of Cuba in 1959; resented past dictators; made Cuba communist |
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bay of pigs |
failed invasion of cuba in 1961 |
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NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) |
government agency that directs the american space program |
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sputnik |
The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US. |
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alan shepard |
1st American in space; May, 1961 |
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dienbienphu |
place in Vietnam, where the French forces were defeated in 1954. Their defeat led to France's withdraw. |
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ho chi minh |
leader of north vietnam. vietnamese nationalist and a communist who led the fight for independence during the 1940s. his army defeated the french in 1954 |
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ngo dinh diem |
noncommunist leader of south vietnam |
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guerilla warfare |
Hit and run raids. |
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vietcong |
guerillas who opposed diem |
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john kennedy |
president who led bay of pigs invasion, led us through Cuban Missle Crisis, formed Peace Corps, tried to push through many bills to help the poor but congress rejected most of them |
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assassination of JFK |
took place in Dallas, Texas on november 22, 1963 |
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lyndon johnson |
president after Kennedy died, started new round of reform known as Great Society, which included medicare and medicaid |
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gulf of tonkin resolution |
congressional resolution passed in 1964 that authorized military action in vietnam [SCAM!] |
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U.S.S. Maddox |
After a short career in World War II and participation in the Korean War, this ship was involved in the Gulf of Tonkin incident that led to the start of the Vietnam War. |
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Escalation |
expanded |
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tet offensive |
january 1968 attack on cities throughout south vietnam |
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ho chi minh trial |
a network of jungle paths. the north vietnamese used the ho chi minh trial to bring weapons abd supplies into south vietnam |
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saigon |
capitol of south vietnam |
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hanoi |
capitol of north vietnam |
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selective service system |
independent federal agency in the executive branch. Selective Service works to register all males in the United States, between the ages of 18 1/2 to 26,to make sure that the Armed Forces can be adequately supplied with people in case of a crisis in national security. |
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richard nixon |
Vice President under Eisenhower and 37th President of the United States. resigned after the Watergate scandal in 1974. his mistake - getting caught! |
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hawks |
people who supported the war's goal |
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doves |
people who opposed the war. |
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silent majority |
americans who were disturbed by the unrest of the 60's but didnt protest |
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watergate affiar |
scandel where police caught 5 men breaking into democratic party headquarters in the watergate apartment building in DC (june 17, 1942) |
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gerald ford |
from michigan. became 38th president after nixon resigned. |
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fall of saigon |
battle where North Vietnam captured capital of South Vietnam and named it Ho Chi Mihn City |
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jimmy carter |
39th pres. former governer of Georgia. became president after Ford. |
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neil armstrong |
1st man to walk on the moon. |
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july 20, 1969 |
What was the date when Neil armstrong walked on the moon. |
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ronald reagan |
40th pres. At beginning of his presidency, he spent millions on arms, toward the end, he ended the arms race |
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iranian hostage crisis |
1979 kidnapping of American Embassy hostages in Iran. It lasted for more than a year. |
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Ayatollah khomeini |
Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy |
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OPEC |
an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum |
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SALT |
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks- A pact that served to freeze the numbers of long-range nuclear missles for five years in 1972. This treaty between Nixon (U.S.), China, and the Soviet Union served to slow the arms race that had been going on between these nations since World War II. |
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gulf war |
a dispute over control of the waterway between Iraq and Iran broke out into open fighting in 1980 and continued until 1988, when they accepted a UN cease-fire resolution |
