 | Term | Definition |
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Compound |
substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined |
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Molecule |
smallest part of a compound that has all the properties of the compound |
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Mixture |
Two or more substances that have been combined, but not chemically changed. |
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Organic Compound |
Compound containing carbon |
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Structural Formula |
Molecular model of an organic compound |
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Amino Acids |
compounds that are the building blocks of proteins |
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Carbohydrates |
compounds that make sugars and starches |
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Lipids |
compounds that make fats and oils needed to repair the body |
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Proteins |
commpounds needed to build and repair that body |
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physical change |
a change that alters the form or appearance of a substance but doesn't make the material into another substance |
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atomic number |
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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atom |
the smallest particle of an element |
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element |
a substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances by chemical or physical means |
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molecule |
a combo of 2 or more atoms that are bonded together |
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compound |
a substnace made of 2 or more elements chemically combined |
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proton |
small, positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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atomic mass |
the average mass of one atom of an element |
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periodic table |
an arrangement of the elements in order of atomic number, in which elements with similar properties are grouped in columns |
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families |
elements in the same vertical column of the periodic table |
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electron |
a tiny, negatively charged, high-energy particle that moves in the space outside the nucleus of an atom |
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neutron |
small, uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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valence electrons |
the electrons that are the farthest away from the nucleus of an atom and involved in chemical reactions |
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chemical reaction |
a process in which substances undergo chemical changes |
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synthesis |
a chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new, more complex substance |
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decomposition |
a chemical reaction that breaks down a compound into simpler products |
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endothermic reaction |
a reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat |
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exothermic reaction |
a reaction that releases energy in the form of heat |
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precipitate |
a solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction |
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chemical equation |
a short, easy way to show a chemical reaction, using symbols instead of words |
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reactant |
a substnace that enters into a chemical reaction |
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product |
a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
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conservation of mass |
the principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction |
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coefficient |
the "big" number in a chemical formula that shows the number of molecules of a compound |
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synthesis |
a chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form one larger substance |
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replacement reaction |
a chemical reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound, or when two elements in different compounds trade places |
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Protons |
positively charged particles located in the nucleus |
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Neutrons |
Particles in nucleus with neutral charge |
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Electrons |
negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus |
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Atoms |
Tiny particles of matter containing protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Substituent |
Any atom or group of atoms that can take the place of a hydrogen atom on a parent hydrocarbon molecule |
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Covalent Bond |
Chemical bonding in which electrons are shared rather than transferred |
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Alkene |
Unsaturated hydrocarbon in which at least one pair of carbon atoms is joned by a double covalent bond |
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Substituent |
Any part of the molecule that is not part of the parent chain |
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Isomer |
Organic compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structural formulas |
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Unsaturated hydrocarbon |
One or more of the bonds between carbon atoms is a double covalent or triple covalent bond |
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Hydrocarbon |
Organic compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon |
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Saturated Hydrocarbon |
Straight-chain or branched chain saturated hydrocarbon in which all bonds between carbon atoms are single covalent bonds |
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polymers |
Long chains of unit molecules are called |
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organic compounds |
most compounds that contain carbon |
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Chemical reactions |
The process in which substances undergo chemical changes that results in the formation of new substances. |
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Compound |
A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio, or proportion. |
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Mixture |
Two or more substances that are mixed together but not chemically combined. |
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Physical change |
A change that alters the form or appearance of a material but does not make the material into another substance. |
| |
Chemical reaction |
The process in which substances undergo chemical changes that results in the formation of new substances. |
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Precipitate |
A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction. |
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Atom |
The smallest particle of an element. |
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Molecule |
The combination of two or more atoms. |
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Chemical bond |
The force that holds atoms together. |
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Chemical equation |
A short, easy way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words. |
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Symbol |
A one or two letter set of characters that is used to identify elements. |
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Reactants |
A substance that enters into a chemical reaction. |
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Products |
A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction. |
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Conservation of mass |
The principle stating that matter is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction. |
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Coefficient |
A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction. |
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Synthesis |
A chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new, more complex substance. |
| |
Decomposition |
A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products. |
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Replacement reaction |
A reaction in which one element replaces another in a compound; or when two elements in different compounds trade places. |
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Exothermic reaction |
A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat. |
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Endothermic reaction |
A reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. |
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Activation energy |
The minimum amount of energy that has to be added to get a chemical reaction started. |
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Catalyst |
A material that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy. |
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Enzyme |
A biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy of reactions in cells. |
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Inhibitor |
A material that decreases the rate of a reaction. |
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Combustion |
A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire. |
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Fuel |
A material that releases energy when it burns. |
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alcohol |
a substituted hydrocarbon with one or more hydroxyl groups |
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carboxyl group |
a COOH group found in organic acids |
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cellulose |
a complex carbohydrate found in plain matter |
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cholesterol |
a waxy lipid in animal and human cells |
