Set: Science Everything (filched from everyone) plz forgive the repetition

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All 175 Terms

Term Definition
Organic Compounds Compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen, often combined with a few other elements such as oxygen or nitrogen.
Hydrocarbon An organic compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon.
Isomers Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulas. (other structural formulas include branched chains, straight chains, and rings).
Alkanes single bonds between carbon atoms (C-C)
Alkenes Double bonds between carbon atoms: C=C.
Alkynes Triple bonds between carbon atoms: C(3 lines)C
Aromatic hydrocarbons hydrocarbons that contain a ring structure similar to benzene.
Combustion of fossil fuels The primary products are carbon dioxide and water (the energy released from fossil fuels through combustion is sued to heat buildings, cook food, or for transportation).
Incomplete combustion makes carbonmonooxide (a poison) and water.
Acid Rain The combustion of fossil fuels causes the acidity of rain to increase. (nitrogen and sulfur come up from the coal and creates acid rain)
Hydroxyl group -OH often associated with alcohol
Polymer a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules are linked together by covalent bonds (Natural are biological molecules ex. protien, and synthetic is manufactured in factories ex. polar fleece)..
Monomers small organic compounds which are the building blocks of polymers.
Photosynthesis a process in which plants chemically combine carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates, a process associated with plants containing chlorophyll.
Transparent a description of a material that allows most of the light that strikes it to pass through.
Translucent a description of a material that scatters light that passes through it.
Opaque a description of a material that either absorbs or reflects all of the light that strikes it so nothing can be seen through it.
Image a copy of an object formed by reflected or refracted rays of light.
Regular reflection a reflection that occurs when parallel light waves strike a surface and all reflect in the same direction.
Mirage a false or distorted image.
Polarized light a type of light including light with waves that vibrate in only one plane.
Dispersion the process of dissolving by breaking into smaller pieces, the process in which white light separates into colors.
Primary colors three specific colors that can be combined in varying intensities to create millions of colors.
Secondary colors new color that results when any two of the primary colors are combined.
Complementary colors of light any two colors of light that combine to form white light.
Pigment a material that selectively absorbs certain colors of light and reflects other colors.
Complementary colors of pigments any two colors of pigments that combine to make black pigment.
Incandescent light The light produced when an object gets hot enough to glow (when electrons flow through the filament of an incandescent bulb, the filament gets hot and emits light).
Florescent light emit light by causing a phosphor to steadily emit photons.
Phosphor a solid material that emits light by fluorescence.
Laser a device that generates a beam of coherent light.
Coherent light light waves having the same wavelength, with the crests and troughs lined up.
Electromagnetic spectrum the full range of electromagnetic radiation.
Electromagnetic wave a transverse wave consisting of changing electric and changing magnetic fields.
Speed of light (a measure) The speed of light in a vacuum, c, is 3x10(8) meters per second.
Photons a packet of electromagnetic energy.
Law of reflection states that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence
Ray diagram a diagram that shows how light rays change direction when they strike mirrors and pass through lenses.
Angle of Incidence the angle an incident ray makes with a line perpendicular to a surface it strikes.
Angle of Reflection the angle a light ray makes with the normal after it enters a new medium at an angle.
Index of refraction the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light in a medium.
Lens an object made of any thin, transparent material that has one or two curved surfaces that can refract light.
Concave (diverging) lens a lens that is curved inward at the center and is thickest at the outside edges.
Convex (converging) lens a lens that is curved outward at the center and is thinnest at the outside edges.
Critical angle the angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction equal to 90 degrees.
Eye structure Cornea, pupil, iris, lens and the retina.
Rods light-sensitive neurons in the retina that detect low-intensity light and distinguish black, white, and gray.
Cones Light-sensitive neurons in the retina that detect color.
Nearsightedness an eye condition in which distant objects are blurry.
Farsightedness an eye condition that causes nearby objects to blurry.
Electric charge a property that causes subatomic particles such as protons and electrons to attract or repel one another.
Electric force the attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects.
Electric field a field in a region of space that exerts electric forces on charged particles; a field produced by electric charges or by changing magnetic fields.
Static electricity the study of the behavior of electric charges, including how charge in an isolated system in constant; electric charge is never created or destroyed.
Law of conservation of charge law stating that the total electric charge in an isolated system in constant; electric charge is never created or destroyed.
Induction the transfer of charge without contact between materials.
Electric current a continuous flow of electric charge.
Direct current a flow of electric charge in only one direction.
Alternating current a flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction
Electrical conductor a materials through which electric charge can flow easily.
Electrical insulator a material through which charge cannot flow easily.
Resistance the opposition tot the flow of electric charges in a material.
Volatage potential difference, the difference in electrical potential energy between two places in an electric filed.
Battery a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
Ohm's law the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance: V=IR.
Electric circuits a complete path through which electric charge can flow.
Series circuit an electric circuit with only one path through which charge can flow.
Parallel circuits an electric circuit with two or more paths through which charge can flow.
Electric power the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy.
Fuse a device that prevents overheating due to current overload in a circuit.
Circuit breakter a switch that opens when the current in a circuit is too high.
acid a compound that produces hydronium ions when dissolved in water
base a compound that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water
bitter a taste that contains a base
sour a taste that is based on an acid
buffer a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH
hydronium ion is produced when acids dissolve in water
indicator any substance that changes color based on the presence of an acid or a base
neutralization the reaction between an acid and a base
salt an ionic compound formed when an acid reacts with a base
hydrocarbon an organic compound that contains only the elements hydrogen and carbon
aromatic hydrocarbons hydrocarbons that contain a ring structure similar to benzene
sublimation a change from a solid to a gas
vaporization a change from a liquid to a gas
solidification a change from a liquid to a solid
fusion a change from a solid to a liquid
deposition a change from a gas to a solid
condensation a change from a gas to a liquid
electric charge a property that causes subatomic particles such as protons and electrons to attract or repel one another
electric force the attraction or repulsion between electrically charged objects
electric field a field in a region of space that exerts electric forces on charged particles; a field produced by electric charges or by changing magnetic fields
static electricity the study of the behavior of electric charges, including how charge is transferred between objects
law of conservation of charge the total electric charge in an isolated system is constant; electric charge is never created or destroyed
induction the transfer of charge without contact between materials
electric current a continuous flow of electric charge
direct current a flow of electric charge in only one direction
electric conductor a material through which electric charge can flow easily
electric insulator a material through which charge cannot flow easily
resistance the opposition to the flow of electric charges in a material
potential difference the difference in electrical potential energy between two places in an electric field
battery a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy
Ohm's law the relationship of voltage, current, and resistance: V=IR
electric circuits complete paths through which electric charge can flow
series circuits electric circuits with only one path through which charge can go
parallel circuits electric circuits with two or more paths through which charge can flow
electric power the rate at which electrical energy is converted to another form of energy
fuse a device that prevents overheating due to current overload in a circuit
circuit breaker a switch that opens when the current in a circuit is too high
grounding the transfer of excess charge through a conductor to Earth
transformer a device that increases or decreases the voltage and current of two linked AC circuits
alternating current a flow of electric charge that regularly reverses its direction
magnetic pole a region where a magnet's force is strongest
electromagnetic induction the process of generating a current by moving an electrical conductor relative to the magnetic field
generator a device that converts chemical energy to electric energy
solid a state of matter with definite shape and volume
gas a state of matter with neither definite shape nor volume
liquid a state of matter with a definite volume but without definite shape
cation a positively charged ion
anion a negatively charged ion
exothermic a process where energy is released
endothermic a process where energy is received
phase change the change from one phase to another
vapor pressure the pressure exerted by vapor in a closed system
metallic bond any charged particle where (+) or (-)
vaporization a phase change from liquid to gas
sublimation a phase change from solid to gas
condensation a phase change from gas to liquid
fusion a phase change from solid to liquid (melting)
deposition a phase change from gas to solid
solidification a phase change from liquid to solid (freezing)
Boyle's law a gas law that states when temperature remains constant the pressure and volume are inversely proportional V1P1=V2P2
Charles' law a gas law that states when pressure remains constant, the volume and temperature are directly proportional V1/T1=V2/T2
Combined Gas Law V1P1/T2=V2P2/T2
Heat Transfer Hot to Cold-- Heat lost=Heat gained -- when something loses heat it will always be gained somewhere else
Ionic Bonds elements take or steal electrons, and also include + and - charges
covalent bond elements share electrons, doesn't include positive and negative charges
Complete combustion makes carbondioxide and water.
dehydrating agent a substance that removes water so the item will stay dry.
buffer a solution that is resistant to large changes in pH.
neutralization a chemical reaction between an acid and a base.
electrolytes a substance that ionizes or dissociates into ions when it dissolves in water.
indicator a substance that changes color in the prescence of an acid or base (lets you know when something has changed).
strong acids when these have dissolved in water they ionize almost completely.
weak acids when these in water they slightly ionize or dissociate.
titration process adding substances to another until you have a desired affect.
hydrophilic the head of a surfactant loves water.
hydrophobic the head of a surfactant repels water.
B-particle 0 -1 e
A-particle (alpha particle) 4 2 He
proton 1 1 H
positron 0 1 e
neutron 1 0 n
electron 0 -1 e
B+ particle 0 1 e
used for radioactive dating 14 6 C
fuel used in nuclear fusion 1 1 H
fuel used in nuclear fission 235 92 U
nuclear mass defect mass in a nucleus that is converted to energy
nuclear binding energy energy that a nucleus releases in the process of trying to stabilize itself.
transmutation the conversion of one element to another through a nuclear reaction.
Marie Curie coined the term radioactivity/discovers radium and polonium.
Ernest Rutherford discovered the nucleus/describes transmutation/does important work on alpha and gamma rays.
2 types of radioactivity alpha, beta, and gamma.
4 forces of nature gravity, electromagnetic, strong nuclear force, weak nuclear force.
refraction the bending of waves (light), caused by changing their speeds
reflection bouncing of wave off a surface. In this law, the angle of reflection is euaal to the angle of incidence
incoherent light light that contains more that one wavelength and does not travel with its crests and troughs aligned in the same direction. the light is out of phase
Snell's Law ni sin 0i=nr sin 0r
polarized light a type of light with waves that vibrate in only one plane
near sightedness an eye condition that causes far objects to be blurry
mirage image of a distant object that results when air goes at ground level is much warmer or cooler than the air layers above it. which makes the image refract and appear at a different location from where it actually is. this false image due to refraction in the atmosphere
coherent light light of a single wavelength that travels with its crests and troughs aligned in the same direction. light has the same frequency and color
far sightedness an eye condition that causes nearby objects to be blurry
phosphor substance which glows or emits light when struck by electrons
alloy a mixture of 2 elements- one must be a medal (ex. Brass)

Set Information

Terms 175
Creator mathlete224
Created May 19, 2008
Groups USN 2012, 2012 of usn
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abstah : i just did the whole thing and there are a lot of repeted terms. so brace yourselves lads.
showstopper524 : Changed Monomer → small organic compounds which are the building blocks of polymers. to Monomers → small organic compounds which are the building blocks of polymers.
showstopper524 : Changed Critical angles → the angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction equal to 90 degrees. to Critical angle → the angle of incidence that produces an angle of refraction equal to 90 degrees.
showstopper524 : Changed Charles' law → a glass law that states when pressure remains constant, the volume and temperature are directly proportional V1/T1=V2/T2 to Charles' law → a gas law that states when pressure remains constant, the volume and temperature are directly proportional V1/T1=V2/T2
showstopper524 : Changed A-particle → 4 2 He to A-particle (alpha particle) → 4 2 He
Last Message: 4 months ago

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Most Missed Words

  1. Monomers → small organic compounds which are the building blocks of polymers. - 6 misses
  2. Circuit breakter → a switch that opens when the current in a circuit is too high. - 6 misses
  3. covalent bond → elements share electrons, doesn't include positive and negative charges - 6 misses
  4. Combustion of fossil fuels → The primary products are carbon dioxide and water (the energy released from fossil fuels through combustion is sued to heat buildings, cook food, or for transportation). - 5 misses
  5. Incandescent light → The light produced when an object gets hot enough to glow (when electrons flow through the filament of an incandescent bulb, the filament gets hot and emits light). - 5 misses
  6. Florescent light → emit light by causing a phosphor to steadily emit photons. - 5 misses
  7. Electromagnetic wave → a transverse wave consisting of changing electric and changing magnetic fields. - 5 misses