 | Term | Definition |
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This person was the founder of the Medellin cartel and in 1993 was gunned down by police on the rooftop of his hideout in Medellin, Columbia. |
Pablo Escobar |
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This is one of the most widely held theories of organized crime today. |
Alien Conspiracy Theory |
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This first emerged in the mid-eighteenth century and was originally referred to as classical theory. |
Rational Choice Theory |
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This theory holds that crime can be thwarted by the threat of punishment. |
General Deterrence Theory |
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This theory holds that penalties for criminal acts should be sufficiently severe so that convicted criminals will never repeat their acts. |
Special Deterrence Theory |
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A leading authority on sociopathic or psychopathic personality. |
Harvey Cleckley |
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Viewed differential association as a product of socialization in which many of the same principles that guide law-abiding people guide criminals. |
Sutherland |
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His essay on the American way of crime (1953), although dated, represents the classic formation of the queer ladder of mobility. |
Bell |
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Proposed an enterprise theory, which explains that organized crime exists because the legitimate marketplace leaves unserved or unsatisfied people who are potential customers. |
Smith |
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This function is helpful in explaining why organized crime in not regarded as an ingerent evil in all communities. |
Socialization |
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Which is probably the most effective point for government to attempt to control organized crime? |
at the market level |
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Which is the best explanation of the "queer ladder of mobility"? Criminal activity is due to a cultural transmission of behavior traits over several generations. An emphasis on wealth leads to a lack of concern about how that wealth is obtained. Italian criminals took over organized crime operations after Jewish groups became more respectable. The lower class subculture is in conflict with the values and norms of the upper class. |
Italian criminals took over organized crime operations after Jewish groups became more respectable. |
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The Prohibition Era restriction on production of a product, even though demand remained stable, serves as an example of which organized crime theory? enterprise theory, conflict theory, cultural theory, or organizational theory |
enterprise theory |
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The upper middle class in a large city supports a regulation that would criminalize bingo playing. Such a regulation is an example of which organized crime theory? Marxist criminology conflict theory, "queer ladder of mobility" theory, social disorganization theory, or differential association theory |
Marxist criminology conflict theory |
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Who (or what) is most likely to control an organized crime operation in the U.S.? no one particular person or organization, a combination of organized crime figures from several ethnic groups, a boss and his few trusted underlings, or a comples, centralized hierarchy? |
a combination of organized crime figures from several ethnic groups |
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To what degree is the Alien Conspiracy Theory supported by the empirical evidence? It strongly supports the theory. It tends to discredit the theory. It somewhat supports the theory. It neither supports nor discredits the theory. |
It neither supports nor discredits the theory. |
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the Teamster's Union |
Which group has seen a symbiotic relationship with organized crime groups? the Teamster's Union, the National Education Association, the Screen Actors Guild, or the U.S. Attorney General's Office |
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Which best describes the scope and structure of most organized groups in the U.S.? a large georgraphic scope and tight structure, limited geographic scope and tight structure, large geographic scope and loose structure, limited geographic scope and loose structure |
limited geographic scope and loose structure |
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Rex, a low-level organized crime participant has weighed the risks of drug dealing against the benefits and decided the benefits outweigh the risks. His actions reflect which theory of organized crime? alien conspiracy, rational choice, differential association, deterrence |
rational choice |
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Antonio, a seventeen-year-old drug runner, has learned the basics of his career choice by oberving role models in his youth gang. Within his gang, he observed more definitions favorable to criminality than definitions unfavorable to it. Which organized crime theory best explains his choice? differential association, rational choice, anomie, conflict theory |
differential association |
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Special deterrence theory holds that penalties for criminal acts should be so sufficiently severe that convicted criminals will never repeat their acts. T or F |
T |
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The rational choice theory was developed by the classical school of criminology. T or F |
T |
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General deterrence theory suggests that people who commit crimes do so after considering the risks of detection and punishment for the crimes risk assessment, as well as the rewards (personal, financial, etc.) of completing these acts successfully. T or F |
T |
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Special deterrence theory holds that penalties for criminal acts should be so sufficiently severe that convicted criminals will never repeat their acts. T or F |
T |
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The sociopath is thought to be a dangerous, aggressive person who shows little remorse for his or her actions, who is not deterred by punishments, and who does not learn from past msitakes. T or F |
T |
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Experts suggest that how to become criminals and how to deal emotionally with the consequences of such activity are not learned. T or F |
F |
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The thoughts that criminal behavior is learned and criminal behavior is acquired through interaction with other persons in a process of communication are two principles of differential association. T or F |
T |
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An extension of relative deprivation explains that ethnic succession develops as one group replaces the other on the queer ladder of crime, while the earlier group moves on to respectability along with legitimate social status and livelihood. T or F |
T |
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According to Merton's anomie theory, aberrant behavior can be viewed as a symptom of the dissociation between "culturally defined aspirations and socially structured means." T or F |
T |
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Cloward an Ohlin's argument based on differential opportunity is summarized as follows: many lower-class male adolescents experience a sense of desperation surrounding the belief that their position in the economic structure is relatively fixed and immutable. T or F |
T |
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Culture conflict theories (deviance) assume that slum dwellers violate the law because they belong to a unique subculture that exists in lower-class areas. T or F |
F |
