 | Term | Definition |
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self-pollination |
when a plant reproduces with its self |
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cross-pollination |
when a plant reproduces with another plant by having its pollen reach another plant |
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Alleles |
A way of showing genes through letters |
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Genes |
A trait that is passed down from parent to offspring |
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Traits |
A distinguishing quality |
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Homozygous |
Purebred |
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Heterozygous |
Hybrid |
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Purebred |
Has all identical alleles |
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Hybrid |
Has different alleles |
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Pistil |
The female organs of a flower |
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Stamen |
The male organs of a flower |
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P |
Parent generation |
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F1 |
first generation |
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F2 |
second generation |
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Dominant |
A trait that will always show up |
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Recessive |
A trait that will only show up if there are no dominant alleles |
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Codominant |
A trait that always shows up |
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Probability |
the chance of something happening |
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Punnett Square |
A diagram that shows the probability of offspring to inherit specific traits |
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Genotype |
The types of genes they have |
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phenotype |
The physical appearance they have |
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Chromosomes |
A threadlike structure found in the Nucleus normally in pairs 46 in a human body |
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Messenger RNA |
carries code to the site of protein synthesis |
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Transfer RNA |
transport amino acids to the ribosome chain during protein synthesis |
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Mutation |
the changing in the structure of gene resulting in a different genotype or phenotype, three types of mutation deletion addition substitution |
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Cells |
The smallest functional unit of structure in an organism |
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Tissue |
distinct type of structure made of alike cells complete simple tasks |
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Organs |
a group of different tissues that complete a moderate task |
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Organ systems |
a group of different organs that complete a complex task |
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Muscle Tissue |
Allows your body to move |
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Epithelial tissue |
Covers the surfaces of your body |
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Connective tissue |
Connects and supports parts of your body |
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Nucleus |
The brain of a cell |
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cystoplasm |
the material within a cell excluding the nucleus |
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Ribosome |
factory |
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Vacuole |
storage |
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Mitochondria |
road/passageways |
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Cell Membrane |
wall protects the cell |
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Golgi body |
packager |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
production |
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Lysosome |
digest excess organelles, virus, etc |
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Multiple alleles |
a set of three or more alleles |
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Sex chromosomes |
Pair 23 of chromosomes carries genes that determines whether a person is male or female |
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Sex-linked genes |
Genes/traits that can be inherited |
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Carriers |
Has a recessive gene but doesn't show it |
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Genetic disorder |
A disorder in your genetics DNA |
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Pedigree |
A chart plotting out your family and potential families characteristics |
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Karyotype |
A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs |
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Selective Breeding |
Selecting a few organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation |
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Inbreeding |
Breeding inside a family to keep desired traits |
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Hybridization |
A breeding process in which 2 genetically different organisms are bred in order to get desirable characteristics |
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Cloning |
A organism that is genetically identical to another organism |
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Genetic engineering |
The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism in order to produce an organism with desired traits |
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Gene therapy |
The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of aperson with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder |
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Genome |
All the DNA in one cell of an organism |
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DNA fingerprinting |
Using DNA found at a crime scene to prove that someone was there |
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Involuntary Muscle |
A muscle not under your control |
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Voluntary muscle |
A muscle under your control |
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Skeletal Muscle |
Attached to your bones force them to move |
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Striated muscle |
Muscle cells that appear banded |
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smooth muscle |
the inside of your organs |
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Cardiac Muscle |
Your heart |
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Tendons |
Strong connective tissue connects muscle to bone |
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Skeleton |
Your bone structure |
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Joint |
A place in the body where 2 bones come together |
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Ligament |
holds together the bones in movable joints |
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Cartilage |
Covers the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing against each other |
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Compact bone |
Beneath the bones outer membrane |
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Spongy bone |
Inside a bones compact bone |
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Marrow |
The space in many bones and a connective tissue |
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Osteoporosis |
A disease in which your bones lack needed minerals |
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Epidermis |
The top layer of your skin contains dead cells |
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Dermis |
Inner layer of the skin |
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Melanin |
a pigment that gives skin its color |
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Pores |
Sweat reaches the surface through these |
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Follicles |
Where strands of hair grow |
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Cancer |
When some cells in the body divide uncontrolably |
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Homeostasis |
Keeping your body at a stable internal temperature |
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Stress |
The reaction of your body to potentially challenging threatening events |
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Adrenaline |
What your body releases during stress giving you instant energy |
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Atrium |
Where the blood goes in |
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Ventricle |
Where blood goes out |
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Valves |
Keeps blood from going in the wrong direction |
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Pacemaker cells |
controls the beating of the heart |
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Aorta artery |
Sends oxygen rich blood throughout the body |
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Septum |
separates oxygen rich and oxygen poor blood |
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Coronary |
Sends oxygen rich blood back to the heart |
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Pulmonary |
Sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs |
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Cardiovascular system |
Delivers needed materials throughout the body, Removes waste, Transports disease fighting cells |
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Arteries |
Sends blood away from the heart |
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Veins |
sends blood back to the heart |
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Capillaries |
Sends blood from the arteries back to the veins |
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Pulse |
When blood fills your arteries expanding them in time with the beating of the heart |
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Blood Pressure |
The force with which your ventricles contract |
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Syphygmomanometer |
measure your blood presure |
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Plasma |
Main component of blood carries digested food vitamin minerals chemical messengers cells waste |
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Red blood cells |
Take oxygen from the lungs to the cells |
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White blood cells |
fight diseases |
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Platelets |
help form blood clots |
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Lymphatic system |
Takes the waste from capillaries and gives it back to your body |
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Lymph |
What the waste in the lymphatic system is |
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Lymph nodes |
filter bacteria and nutrients |
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Atherosclerosis |
The clogging of arteries because of high cholestrol or fat |
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Hypertension |
High blood presure |
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nervous tissue |
enables you to see, hear, think |
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What skin does |
Protect, Maintain temperature, get rid of waste, gather information, produce vitamin D |
