| Term | Definition |
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26. 1823 |
26. The United States issues the Monroe Doctrine |
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26. 1840 |
26. Britain annexes New Zealand, leading to the detestation of the Maori population |
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26. 1853 |
26. American ships commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry arrive in Japan |
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26. 1885 |
26. The Canadian Pacific Railway opens, linking eastern and western Canada |
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26. 1898 |
26. The Philippines declares independence from Spain |
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26. 1914 |
26. The Panama Canal opens, linking the Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea. |
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27. 1914 |
27. Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife are killed in Sarajevo. The assassination sparks World War I |
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27. 1915 |
27. German submarines sink the ocean liner Lusitania |
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27. 1916 |
27. More than 1 million soldiers are killed in the battle of the Somme |
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27. 1916 |
27. Japan tries to establish a protectorate over China |
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27. 1917 |
27. The United States ends its policy of neutrality and enters World War One |
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27. 1917 |
27. The czar is overthrown in the Russian Revolution |
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27. 1918 |
27. An armistice ends World War I on November 11th |
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27. 1919 |
27. Delegates to the Paris Peace Conference draft the Treaty of Versailles, which blames Germany for the War |
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27. 1919 |
27. The first Pan-African Congress meets in Paris |
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28. 1921 |
28. Lenin adopts the New Economic Policy |
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28. 1928 |
28. Stalin proposes a five-year-plan for Soviet economic growth |
|
28. 1920s |
*28. Mexico recovers from revolution and civil war |
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28. 1934 |
28. Chinese Communists make epic treat known as the Long March |
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28. 1934 |
28. Stalin launches the Great Purge. Millions will be executed or sent to forced-labor camps |
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29. 1914 |
29. New settlement increases the Jewish population of Palestine to 90,000. Leaders promote long-term development of the regions agriculture |
|
29. 1916 |
29. Pancho Villa invades the U.S. during the Mexican Revolution. He kills more than a dozen Americans in New Mexico |
|
29. 1923 |
29. Ataturk begins modernizing Turkey |
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29. 1930 |
29. Thousands of Indians join Mohandas Gandhi in the Salt March to protest British Rule |
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29. 1935 |
29. Italy invades Ethiopia |
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29. 1937 |
29. The Japanese army captures Nanjing - "Rape of Nanjing" |
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30. 1920s |
*30. Modern art flourishes in Europe that challenge realistic traditions and disturb many |
|
30. 1919 |
30. Amristar Massacre in India |
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30. 1922 |
30. Benito Mussolini comes to power in Italy. He creates Europe's first fascist dictatorship |
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30. 1925 |
30. Seven Europe nations sign the Locarno treaties, raising hope for world peace |
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30. 1933 |
30. Nazi leader Adolf Hitler comes to power in Germany and begins to build a totalitarian state |
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30. 1938 |
30. During 'Kristallnacht' or 'Night of Broken Glass' Nazi moves attack Jewish communities in Germany |
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30. 1929 |
30. The Great Depression begins in the United States. Economic collapse also causes hardship for people in other countries. |
|
31. 1936 |
31. Spanish Civil War begins. |
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31. 1939 |
31. Germany invades Poland, sparking World War II. |
|
31. 1941 |
31. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor, on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu, and the United States enters the war |
|
31. 1945 |
31. World War II ends |
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31. 1955 |
31. Postwar conflict between Soviets and their former allies lead to the creation of the Warsaw Pact |
|
32. 1945 |
32. The United Nations is formed |
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32. 1960s |
*32. The Green Revolution begins, increasing food production in developing nations |
|
32. 1969 |
32. July 20th, American Astronauts become first people to walk on the moon |
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32. 1980s |
*32. The computer becomes an essential tool in homes and offices |
|
32. 1991 |
32. The global Cold War ends |
|
32. 2000 |
32. A new millennium brings hopes and fears. |
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33. 1957 |
33. The Soviet Union launches 'Sputnik', the first artificial satellite, into orbit around the earth |
|
33. 1950 |
33. The Korean War begins |
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33. 1960s |
*33. U.S. starts to send troops to battle communist forces in the Vietnam War |
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33. 1973 |
33. An oil crisis affects nations around the world |
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33. 1980s |
*33. A global economic slowdown causes many governments to reduce spending |
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33. 1991 |
33. The Soviet Union collapses |
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33. 1999 |
33. The European Union introduces the euro, a common currency for member nations |
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34. 1949 |
34. Mao Zedong announces the formation of the People's Republic of China. |
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34. 1950s |
*34. Japan's recovery from World War II begins, sparking an "economic miracle" |
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34. 1957 |
34. The nation of Ghana gains independence from Britain |
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34. 1962 |
34. The Cuban missile crisis heightens Cold War tensions |
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34. 1968 |
34. During the Vietnam War, the Tet Offensive shows that guerrilla forces are determined |
|
34. 1986 |
34. In the Philippines, "people power" forces President Ferdinand Marcos to hold presidential elections after more than 20 years in power |
|
34. 1989 |
34. The Berlin Wall falls |
|
34. 1987 |
34. South Korea holds direct elections, moving towards economy |
|
34. 1997 |
34. Britain returns Hong Kong to China |
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35. 1947 |
35. India wins independence from Britain. The subcontinent is divided into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan |
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35. 1941 |
35. Nazis begin to implement the "Final Solution" |
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35. 1956 |
35. Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal, ending French and British control of the waterway |
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35. 1966 |
35. Cultural Revolution begins in China |
|
35. 1979 |
35. Revolutionaries in Iran oust the shah and declare an Islamic republic |
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35. 1984 |
35. Sikh separatists clash with Indian troops at the Golden Temple in Amristar |
|
35. 1991 |
35. The Persian Gulf War ends an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Iraqi troops set fire to hundreds of Kuwait oil wells |
|
35. 1999 |
35. General Pervez Musharraf of Pakistan deposes the civilian government in the name of fighting corruption and restoring a stable government |
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36. 1956 |
36. The Sudan gains independence from Britain. |
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36. 1961 |
36. Tanzania gains independence. |
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36. 1980s |
*36. Zimbabwe begins land and economic reforms |
|
36. 1994 |
36. South Africa holds its first all-race elections and elects Nelson Mandela as president. |
|
36. 2000 |
36. Religious violence strikes Nigeria after several states adopt Sharia, or Islamic Law |
|
37. 1948 |
37. The Organization of American States is formed. |
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37. 1959 |
37. In Cuba, Fidel Castro and his guerrilla army overthrow a corrupt dictator. Later, Castro embellishes in a communist dictatorship |
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37. 1983 |
37. In Argentina, people celebrate the end of military rule and restoration of a democracy |
|
37. 2000 |
37. After more than 70 years of rule by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) Mexico elects Vincente Fox as president |