 | Term | Definition |
| |
Industrial Revolution |
the time period when power-driven machinery was developed |
| |
enclosure movement |
the combining of many small farms by wealthy landowners |
| |
factors of production |
the essential elements that a nation needs for economic success |
| |
cottage industry |
a craft occupation performed in the home |
| |
factory |
a building that housed machine-driven industry |
| |
industrialization |
the process of changing to power-driven machinery |
| |
Jethro Tull |
gentleman farmer who invented the seed drill for planting grain |
| |
Richard Arkwright |
inventor of the spinning frame, which spun stronger, thinner thread |
| |
James Watt |
British inventor who made steam engines faster and more efficient |
| |
Robert Fulton |
developed and operated the steamship Clermont on the Hudson River |
| |
labor union |
organizations representing workers' interests |
| |
strike |
work stoppages |
| |
mass production |
the system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items |
| |
interchangeable parts |
identical machine-made parts |
| |
assembly line |
system in which workers stay in one place, adding parts as items go by |
| |
laissez-faire |
the idea that governments should not interfere in business |
| |
entrepreneur |
someone who starts a business |
| |
socialism |
the theory that society, not individuals, should own all property and industry |
| |
communism |
a system in which the government controls the economy |
| |
standard of living |
level of material comfort experienced by a group of people |
| |
Thomas Edison |
developer of the first usable and practical light bulb; invented phonograph |
| |
Bessemer process |
steel-making process which made steel both stronger and cheaper |
| |
Henry Ford |
developer of mass-production factory methods; produced affordable Model T cars |
| |
Wilbur and Orville Wright |
brothers who were the first people to succeed in flying a powered airplane in sustained flight |
| |
Samuel Morse |
inventor of the telegraph and the code used to send telegraph messages |
| |
Telegraph |
a machine that sends messages instantly over wires with electricity |
| |
Alexander Graham Bell |
inventor of the telephone |
