 | Term | Definition |
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Japan |
The United States sent a naval force to make which country open its ports to trade? |
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Feudalism |
What did the Tokugawa shoguns reimpose when they gained power in 1600? They also shut off Japan to foreigners, forbid Japanese people to travel, |
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Nagasaki, Dutch |
During the Tokugawa shoguns, what was the only port that was open, and who was allowed to trade there? |
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Daimyos |
Who suffered financial hardships? Money was needed in commercial economy, but their wealth was in the land; also had heavy expense of maintaining households in Edo and own domains; |
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Britain |
The shogun faced troubles at home and was shocked that who won the Opium War? And he found it worse how imperialists forced China to sign unequal treaties; |
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Treaty of Kanagawa |
A fleet of ships from the US commanded by Matthew Perry in 1853 pull into Tokyo Bay and the letter demands Japan open its ports to diplomatic and commercial exchange; The note lead to what treaty in 1854? Said the US could have 2 ports, not for trade; eventually lead to it though; |
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Tokyo |
In 1867, daimyo and samurai led a revolt that “restored” the 15 to the thrown; the capital in Kyoto became Edo for the shogun, and it was renamed what, meaning “eastern capital”? |
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Meiji Restoration |
What is the name of the period that lasted from 1868-1912, and a major turning point in Japanese history? it means “enlightened rule”; the reformers were determined to strengthen Japan; they studied western ways, and sent others abroad; |
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Japan, Meiji Restoration |
“A rich country, a strong military.” – what country, who said it? |
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Feudal |
The Meiji reformers had to replace a _ order with a new political and social system; Change didn’t come easily; |
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Meiji Constitution |
Reformers wanted a _ government, equal to those of the west; They chose to adapt upon the _ model, so in 1889, the emperor issued a document. What was it called? |
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Meiji Constitution |
Set forth the principle all citizens were equal, the emperor had autocratic power, but still a diet or one elected house and one house appointed by the emperor; voting rights were limited; ended distinction between classes, set up schools, literacy increased, womens position went up; what were all these a part of in Japan? |
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Economy |
What was the priority in the restoration of Japan? |
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Business |
They encouraged which class to adopt western methods? Set up banking, railroads, ports, telegraph and postal system; |
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Zaibatsu |
To get industries started, the government would build them and sell them to whom? |
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Homogeneous society |
During the Meiji Restoration, what was a major factor in society that really helped the idea of unification? |
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Sino-Japanese War |
In 1894 war between Japan and China; Japan won and gained treaty ports in China and controlled Taiwan; What was this war called? |
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Russo-Japanese War |
In 1904, war between Russia and Japan; Japan won in Manchuria; What was this war called? |
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Treaty of Portsmouth |
After the Russo-Japanese War, a contract was written that gave Japan control of Korea and parts in Manchuria in 1905; what’s the name of it? |
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Location |
Why were imperialists putting the spotlight on Korea? |
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East Asia |
Where is Korea located at the crossroads of? |
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Korea |
Who in Asia, was the “Hermit Kingdom”? |
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Annexed outright |
In 1910, what did Japan do to Korea that adds it to the Japanese empire for 35 years? |
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India and China |
Southeast Asia commanded the sea lanes between 2 major countries, and had been influenced by both; what are they? |
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British, Dutch, French |
In the 1800s, which countries played off local rivalries and used modern armies and technology to colonize much of Southeast Asia? (alpha) |
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Dutch East India Company, Moluccas |
During the 1600s, what company gained control of the Spice Islands? What are the Spice Islands also known as? They reached out and dominated rest of Indonesia; |
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Britain, east |
In early 1800s, rulers of Burma (Myanmar) clashed with what country, who were expanding ____ward from India? Led to the annex of Burma in 1886 |
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Southeast Asian mainland |
The French were building their empire where?; missionaries winning converts in (now, Vietnam); priests killed – Confucius area for a long time |
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Vietnam; Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam |
Which Southeast Asian country underestimated the power of France, who seized a chunk of it; Over the next decade, what 3 countries did French take control of? |
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Southeast Asia |
Many Chinese migrated to what area to escape hardship and benefit from growing economic opportunities? |
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Siam, now Thailand |
What country was right in between British-Burma and French-Indochina? |
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unequal, modernization |
King Mongkut knew what strength the west had; Had to accept some __ treaties; he and his son set Siam on the road to _ and reformed a government, modernized army, abolished slavery, and women got choice in marriage; |
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Samoa |
In 1878 the US secured an unequal treaty with __, gaining rights like extraterritoriality and naval station; other nations got similar agreements; |
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Britain, Germany, US |
Who was the triple protectorate over Samoa? |
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Hawaii |
Sugar growers pressed for power in what modern-day state? |
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American planters, US |
Who overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in Hawaii, who tried to reduce foreign influence? What country did they ask to annex Hawaii? |
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Power, wealth |
In the 1500s, Spain had seized the Philippines; Catholic missionaries spread it across the Filipinos, which gained it enormous __ and __ |
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Spanish American War |
US accidentally got involved; in 1898, when war broke out, American battleships destroyed the Spanish fleet, stationed near the Philippines; the Filipinos seized the moment and declared independence; what was this war called? |
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US |
The Filipino rebels expected the __ to recognize their independence, but the peace settlement between Spain and __ placed the Philippines under their control; |
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Australia Canada, New Zealand |
What imperialized areas were different compared to the Middle East or Asia? |
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France |
Who was the first country to rule Canada? |
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Britain |
France lost Canada to whom in 1763? |
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American Revolution |
After what war, an estimated 30,000 or more colonists who remained loyal to Britain fled to Canada? |
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French-speaking Catholics and English-speaking Protestants |
After the American Revolution, what two groups are occupying, and what religion are they? (F, B) |
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Native Americans |
Who was the third form of Canadian heritage? |
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Canada Act in 1791 |
To ease ethnic tensions, Britain passed an act to separate the ethnic groups. What was the act called? |
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French-Speaking Lower Canada, Quebec, Catholic and English-Speaking Upper Canada, Ontario, English traditions |
In the Canada Act in 1791, there were 2 regions made; what were their names, what language did they speak, and what was the religion? (F, B) |
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Small British Elite, ignoring needs |
In the early 1800s, unrest grew in the colonies, because the people of upper Canada resented who held their power. Who held it? Unrest grew in Lower Canada as well. What did they feel the British were doing to them? |
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Durham Report |
The British sent a politician, Lord Durham, to study causes of unrest; in 1839, a report called for the two Canada’s to be reunited and given control of their own affairs. What was the report’s name? |
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Act of Union |
In 1840, Parliament passes an act that gave Canada an elected legislature to determine domestic policies, but Britain kept control of foreign policy and trade; what was the act? |
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US |
Canadians Cartier and MacDonald urged unification, and feared what country would attempt a takeover of Canada? |
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The British North America Act of 1867 |
Due to fears of being overrun by the US, Britain passed an act that created the Dominion of Canada. What was the Act called?; it created 4 provinces into a dominion, and 6 were added later; |
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The Canadian Pacific Railway |
John Macdonald, Canada’s first prime minister encouraged expansion across the continent, so what opened under his rule in 1885 that linked eastern and western Canada? |
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Mative Americans, metis |
Expansion destroyed whose life in Canada? Most were forced to sign treaties, giving up their land; some resisted like Louis Riel. Who did he lead a revolt for? |
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The Diverse culture |
Late 1800s and early 1900s people from Germany, Italy, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, China, and Japan came – what do all these represent in Canada? |
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Dutch, British, |
Who were technically the first people to reach Australia in the 1600s? Who was it claimed for properly in 1770 by James Cook? |
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Aborigines, Kooris |
A word used by Europeans to denote the earliest people to live in a place; specifically in Australia, they are called what? |
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Penal colony, Botany Bay |
What did Britain make Australia into? Where did the ships arrive? |
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Killed, thrust aside |
In 1800s, Britain encouraged citizens to emigrate to Australia; what did they do to the Aborigines in return? |
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Sheepherding, wool |
What did settlers find was suited for the land and climate? What industry grew out of this? |
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A Gold Ranch, outback |
In 1851 what in eastern Australia brought a population boom? What is the rugged interior of Australia known as? |
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Commonwealth of Australia, monarchy |
In 1901, Britain helped colonies unite into the independent state of what? They recognized who as their head of state to keep its ties with Britain? |
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US, British, US, Britain |
The Australian constitution was based off of both _ model and _ models; Like the _ it has the federal government; in __ it has a prime minister chosen by ParliamentThe Australian constitution was based off of both _ model and _ models; Like the _ it has the federal government; in __ it has a prime minister chosen by Parliament |
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New Zealand |
What is the country far to the southeast of Australia, claimed in 1769 by James Cook? |
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Smaller land |
The difference between Aborigines and Maoris is that the Maoris had a much __ __. |
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Maoris |
Descendants from seafaring people who reached there from Polynesia in 1200s; they were settled farmers who were determined to defend their land; |
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Annexed |
In 1840, Britain did what to New Zealand? |
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Yes, women suffrage |
In 1907, New Zealand won independence with their own parliament, prime minister, and elected legislature; are they close with the British empire? What did New Zealand do before any other country? |
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The nations of Latin America |
Who did Simon Bolivar hope to create strong ties among? |
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Latin America similarities |
Common language, religion, and cultural heritage; |
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20 |
How many separate nations were formed by feuds among leaders, geographic barriers, and local nationalism? |
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Colonial rule |
What were most of the problems in Latin America’s origin? |
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Creoles |
Who replaced peninsulares as the ruling class in Latin America? |
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catholic Church |
What religion kept the privileged position and still controlled a lot of land in Latin America? |
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Blacks, Indians, Mestizos, Mulattos |
Whose lives didn’t improve much after independence? (alpha.) |
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Voting, Racial, Land |
_ rights were limited and _ prejudice was widespread; _ remained to only a view, like owners of haciendas in Latin America; |
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Regionalism |
What weakened new nations in Latin America, in addition to few roads and no tradition of unity? |
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Caudillos |
Who looted treasuries, assembled private armies to resist central power, gained national power, ignored the constitution, and ruled as dictators; constant power struggles lead to revolts that changed little? |
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Old social order, press censorship, Catholic Church |
The ruling elite in Latin America were divided between conservatives and liberals; who did the conservatives defend? (3) |
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Enlightened supporters of progress |
The ruling elite in Latin America were divided between conservatives and liberals; what did liberals think of themselves as? Often showed little concern for needs of majority though; |
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Portugal, Spain |
Under colonial rule, what type of mercantilist policies made Latin America dependent on what two countries in Europe? |
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Raw, manufactured, industries |
Colonies sent __ materials and had to buy ____ goods from the parent country; strict laws kept colonists trading with other countries or building local ___ in Latin America; |
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Everyone, US, Britain |
After independence, the new republics that did adopt free trade welcomed __ in Latin America; Which 2 countries replaced Spain and Portugal as trading partners, but the entire concept remained the same in Latin America |
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Capital, transportation, middle |
After 1850, Latin American economy grew; with foreign __ they could develop mining and agriculture; throughout the region, foreigners invested in modern ___ to carry goods from interior areas to coastline; Newcomers helped promote economic growth and a ___ class emerged; |
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Army leaders, Catholic Church, Large Landowners |
Who dominated Mexican politics in the 1800s? (3 alpha) |
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annexed Texas |
Settlers from the US and other countries began an independence movement, and in 1835 American settlers and Mexicans in Texas revolted; the next year, they set up an independent state; then in 1845, what does the US do to Texas? Mexico saw this as an act of war; |
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1/2 of Mexican territory, creoles |
US and Mexico fought for the territory in Texas, and in the final treaty ending the war, how much territory did Mexico end up losing? Who did the defeat really shake up? |
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La Reforma |
1855, Benito Juarez and other liberals open an era; offered hope to oppressed people of Mexico, revised the Mexican constitution to strip military power and end Church privileges; unleashed a civil war, but was still elected president in 1861; What was the era he began called? |
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Napoleon III |
Who was sent to Mexico in 1863? |
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Archduke Maximillian |
Who did Napoleon III set up as emperor of Mexico, from Austria? |
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Mestizos, Mexico, Church and state |
In 1867, Juarez returned to power and tried to do more reforms; who did he help bring into political life? What did he help unify? What did he help separate? |
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Porfirio Diaz, Mexico |
“Order and Progress” Who says and what country? |
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Foreign, foreign, Indian |
Diaz – a harsh ruler for 35 years; impressive economic advances, built railroads, increased, __ trade, developed some industry, and expanded mining; He granted special rights for __ investors; also let landowners buy ___ lands; |
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US |
Who was the “Colossus of the North” to Mexico? |
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Monroe Doctrine, Military strength, Britain |
In the 1820s, Spain wanted to recover the colonies, and Britain opposed moves that would close the door to trading with South America; President Monroe wanted to avoid “entangling alliances” and so he issued a doctrine; Said that the American Continents were not to be considered as subjects for future colonization; What is the Doctrine called? What did the US lack to enforce this rule, in reality? Who would lend theirs to the United States? |
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Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam |
During the Spanish-American War, Spain lost; in the peace treaty, where did the US acquire? |
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Cuba, Platt Amendment |
During the Spanish-American War, Spain lost; in the peace treaty who got to remain independent? What did the US force them to add in 1901? |
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US Naval Bases in Cuba and right to interfere in Cuban affairs |
What did the Platt Amendment do for the US? |
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Roosevelt Corollary |
What was added to the Monroe Doctrine in 1904, that stated the US claims “international police power” in the Western Hemisphere? |
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Colombia |
Who did Panama belong to? Wouldn’t give to US to make a canal; |
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Built the Panama Canal, 1914 |
In 1903, the US supported a revolt by Panamanians; they quickly won and what did the US do? What year was it finished? |
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Age of Imperialism |
What age did a truly global economy emerge? It was dominated by nations of the west; From these nations, machine-made goods, investment capital, and technology flowed to rest of the world; |
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Britain, France, Germany, US |
Who were the industrialized nations of the west during the Age of Imperialism? (Alpha 4) |
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Africa, Asia, and Latin America |
Provided agricultural goods, natural resources, cheap labor – who provided this in return of the Age of Imperialism? (3) |
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Local Labor |
Western capitalists developed plantations and mines, but what did they depend on to keep a steady supply going? |
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Money Economy |
What did colonial rulers introduce that replaced the barter system? |
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Heavy taxes |
To cover expenses of governing their colonies, the authorities had to place what on their subjects? |
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Building projects, Mines, plantations, |
For people to make money in colonies to pay the heavy taxes, they had to work on what? (3 alpha) |
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Money economy |
In southern and eastern Africa, many men became migrant workers, leaving women alone to support children and grow food; in some parts like Japan and Latin America, the daughters were sent to find textile work: what was this a result of introducing? |
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Benefit of colonialism, Capitalists |
Groundwork for modern banking systems, new technology, modern communication and transportation networks; What are all of these an example of? who invested in railroad building to boost export? |
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Europeans |
Who believed that it was their mission to “civilize” the world during the age of Imperialism? |
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Modernization and Westernization |
What 2 things were all the same to westerners imposing it on colonies? |
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Resented west; abandoning traditions was bad |
Some westerners reacted well, and came to believe that western powers were superior; what did the others things? |
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Missionaries |
Who mainly built schools and hospitals, and taught children basic literacy, introduced medical breakthroughs like vaccines and hygiene methods? |
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Herbal remedies, medicinal value of plants |
What did the new medical breakthrough undermine in traditional colonies? |
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Christianity |
What religion did missionaries spread across the globe? |
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Columbian Exchange |
What began in 1492 that picked up a lot of speed in the 1800s by bringing coffee, bananas, tea, and rubber from colonies? |
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We could learn a lot from them |
Archaeologists slowly unearthed evidence about ancient civilizations and realized what from the ancient civilizations? |
