 | Term | Definition |
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Renaissance |
an era of renewed interest and remarkable developments in art, literature, |
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secular |
having a worldly rather than spiritual focus |
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humanism |
a movement that emphasized the possibilities of individual accomplishmentand the almost limitless potential of the human mind |
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Baldassare Castiglione |
Italian aristocrat who wrote The Courtier, which became a |
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Niccolò Machiavelli |
Florentine political philosopher and statesman who wrote The |
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Lorenzo de Medici |
ruler of Florence who was an important patron of arts and learning |
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Leonardo da Vinci |
“Renaissance man” who became famous as a painter, architect, |
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Raphael |
famous painter of both classical and religious subjects and |
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Michelangelo Buonarotti |
sculptor and painter famous for works such as the Sistine |
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Johannes Gutenberg |
German man credited with the invention of movable type in the |
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Desiderius Erasmus |
priest and Christian humanist philosopher who wrote about the |
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Sir Thomas More |
English humanist who wrote Utopia, a book that told about a perfect |
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William Shakespeare |
English playwright and poet; author of such famous works as |
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Christine de Pisan |
Italian-born woman who wrote the first important work focusing on |
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Albrecht Dürer |
German artist who visited Italy in the late 1400s, learning techniques of realism and perspective, influencing later German Renaissance artists |
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Jan van Eyck |
Flemish painter who focused on landscapes and everyday life |
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Protestant Reformation |
a movement beginning in the 1500s to reform the Roman |
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Indulgences |
exchange of money for forgiveness of sin |
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Martin Luther |
critic of the Roman Catholic Church whose theses sparked discussion |
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theocracy |
a government in which church and state are joined and whose officials are |
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John Calvin |
important Protestant reformer whose writings became the basis |
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predestination |
religious doctrine that states God has already determined who will be |
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Henry VIII |
English king who broke with the Catholic Church in order to divorce his |
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annulled |
declared invalid based on church laws |
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Elizabeth I |
daughter of Henry VIII and queen who firmly established England |
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Counter-Reformation |
reform movement within the Catholic Church |
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Jesuits |
religious order which emphasized reform of the church, spirituality, service to |
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Ignatius of Loyola |
founder of the Jesuits whose search for spiritual peace led him to giveup his belongings and practice self-denial |
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Council of Trent |
meetings called by Pope Paul III to make a series of reforms to the |
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Francis of Sales |
French missionary who returned the French district of Savoy to the |
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Teresa of Avila |
Spanish nun who reformed the Carmelite order |
