 | Term | Definition |
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Judiciary Act of 1789 |
a law that established the federal court system, the supreme court and also provided for the appeal of certain state court decisions to the federal courts |
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Hamilton's Economic Plan |
he proposed a plan to manage the country's debts and a plan to establish a national banking system |
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National Bank |
the bank of the united states which was thought up by alexander hamilton |
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Democratic-Republicans |
believed in limited central government, agrarian economy, strong state government, and democratic system based on broader population participation (Jefferson was the leader of this party) |
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Protective Tariff |
an import tax on goods produced in Europe |
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Excise Tax |
a tax on a product's manufacture, sale, or distribution |
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Whiskey Rebellion |
the excise tax made frontier farmers furious, so they refused to pay it. They beat up federal marshalls in Pittsburgh and threatened to secede from the union |
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Jay's Treaty |
a negotiation with Britain about which nation would control territories west of the Appalachian Mountains. It was signed on November 19, 1794. |
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Sectionalism |
Placing the interest of one region over those of the nation as a whole |
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XYZ Affair |
incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from U.S. diplomats |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
a series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants to the U.S. |
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
claimed the right to declare null and void federal laws going beyond powers granted by the constitution to the federal government |
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Election of 1800 |
a bitter struggle between federalist John Adams and antifederalist Thomas Jefferson (Adams was defeated in reelection) |
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Judiciary Act of 1801 |
increased the number of federal judges by 16 |
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Midnight Judges |
judges that signed their appointments late on the last day of Adam's administration |
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Marbury v. Madison and Judicial Review |
Most important Supreme Court decision. In Marbury v. Madison's case the supreme court ruled that it had the power to abolish legislature acts by declaring them unconstitutional |
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Louisiana Purchase |
the 1803 purchase by the U.S. of France's Louisiana Territory. It extended from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains |
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Blockade |
the use of ships or troops to prevent movement into and out of a port or reign controlled by a hostile nation |
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Impressment |
the acty of constricting people to serve in the military |
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Embargo |
a government ban on trade with one or more nations |
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Tecumseh's Confederacy |
this was the only way for native americans to protect their homelands against intruding white settlers |
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War Hawks |
one of the members of congress who favored war with Britain in the early years of the 19th century |
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War of 1812 |
Madison decided to go to war against Britian because he believed Britain was trying to stragle American trade and ruin the American economy |
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Treaty of Ghent |
the 1814 treaty that ended the war of 1812 |
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Armistice |
a truce, or agreement to end an armed conflict |
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Industrial Revolution |
the change in social and economic organization that resulted from the replacement of hand tools with machines and from the development of large scale industrial production |
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Cotton Gin |
a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 |
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Henry Clay's American System |
it would unite the nation's economic interests |
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National Road |
a federally funded road begun in 1811 and by 1838 extending from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois |
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Eire Canal |
a 363 mile long artificial waterway connecting to the Hudson River with Lake Eire, built between 1817 and 1825 |
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Tariff of 1816 |
president Madison proposed this on British goods |
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McCulloch v. Maryland |
a case in 1819 in which the Supreme Court ruled that Maryland had no right to tax the Bank of the U.S. |
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Nationalism |
a devotion to the interest and culture of one's nation |
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Adams-Onis Treaty |
an 1819 agreement in which Spain gave control of the territory of Florida to the U.S. |
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Monroe Doctrine |
a policy of the U.S. opposition to any European interference in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere, announced by president Monroe in 1823 |
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Missouri Compromise |
a series of agreements passed by congress in 1820-1821 to maintain the balance of power between slave states and free states |
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Spoils System |
the practice of winning candidates rewarding their supporters with government jobs |
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Indian Removal Act |
a law, enacted in 1830, that forced native american peoples east of the Mississippi to move to lands in the west |
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Trail of Tears |
the marches in which the cherokee people were forcibly removed from Georgia to the indian territory in 1838-1840, with thousands of the Cherokee dying on the way |
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Tariff of Abominations |
John C. Calhoun's name for an 1828 tariff increase that seemed to southerners to be enriching the north at their expense |
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Bank of the United States |
either of the two National Banks, funded by the federal government and private investors, established by congress, the first in 1791 and the second in 1816 |
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Whig Party |
the political party formed in 1834 to oppose policies of Andrew Jackson |
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Panic of 1837 |
a series of financial failures that triggered a five-year depression in the United States |
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Second Great Awakening |
a 19th century religious movement in which individual responsibility for seeking salvation was emphasized, along with the need for personal and social improvement |
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Transcendentalism |
a philosophical and literary movement of the 1800s that emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature and in personal and imagination |
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Civil Disobedience |
the refusal to obey those laws which are seen as unjust in an effort to bring about a change in government policy |
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Utopian Communities |
an experimental community designed to be a perfect society, in which its members could live together in harmony |
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Nat Turner's Rebellion |
Turner's band attacked four plantations and killed almost 60 white inhabitants before being captured. Turner hid for several weeks until eventually being captured and hung |
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Gag Rule |
a rule limiting or preventing debate on an issue |
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Temperance Movement |
an organized effort to prevent the drinking of alcoholic beverages |
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Seneca Falls Convention |
a women's rights convention held in Seneca Falls, New York, in 1848 |
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sojourner truth |
was born as Isabell Baumfree took the name Sojounrer Truth when she traveled throughout the country preaching and later argued for abolition |
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Cottage Industry |
a system of production in which manufactures proved the material good to be produced in the home |
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Lowell Strikes |
decle=ared they would not return back to work unless their wages are continued to them as they were. the mill owners fired the strike leaders |
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national trades union |
the first national association of trade unions, formed in 1834` |
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Specialization |
in farming, the raising of one or two crops for sale rather than a variety of foods for personal use |
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market revolution |
the major change in the U.S. economy produced by people's beginning to buy and sell good rather than make them for themselves |
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manifest destiny |
the 19th century belief that the US would inevitably expand westwar to the pacific ocran and the mexican territory |
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Black Hawk war |
started in illinois and spread to the Wisconsin territory. it ended in august 1832 when illinois militia slaughtered more than 200 sauk and for people |
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treaty of fort laramie |
the treaty required the Sioux to live on a reservation along the missouri river |
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mormons |
members of a church founded by joseph smith and his associates in 1830 |
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Alamo |
a misson and for in San Antonio, Texas,l where mexican forced massacred rebellious Texans in 1836 |
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Treaty of Guadualupe Hidalgo |
the 1848 treaty ending the US war with mexico, in which mexico ceded California and new mexico to the US |
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Gadsen Purchase |
an 1853 purchase by the US of land from Mexico, establishing the present US mexico boundary |
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