 | Term | Definition |
| |
icons |
a picture or representation of a sacred Christian person, itself regarded as sacred |
| |
guilds |
an association of tradespeople, or artisians, particuarly in the Middle Ages |
| |
feudal system |
a political and economic system in which large land holders or lords gave protection for their services to the land holder or lord |
| |
nomad |
a member of a group that moves from place to place following food, water and grazing land for their herd |
| |
artisians |
craftspeople |
| |
fief |
a large feudal estate, particularly in Mideval Europe |
| |
diaspora |
the scattering of people who have a common backround or beliefs |
| |
scribe |
a profesional writer that recorded sacred documents |
| |
papyrus |
an early form of paper made from a reed like plant found in the marshy areas of the Nile delta |
| |
Nile |
a long river that Egypt and Nubia built their civilizations on |
| |
mummy |
a dead body preserved in lifelike condition |
| |
afterlife |
the next life, in which the dead are believed to live again |
| |
pyramid |
a Pharoas tomb that had winding passageways to keep out thieves; treasures were buried with him and sometimes living slaves to come with him in the afterlife |
| |
polytheism |
to believe in many gods |
| |
universities |
a guild of students and teachers |
| |
excommunication |
the act that deprives someone membership in the church |
| |
crusades |
any of the milliary expeditions by European Christians to win the Holy Land from the Muslims |
| |
Shiite |
a member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as caliphs |
| |
Abu Bakr |
first caliph after Muhammad's death |
| |
calligraphy |
the art of fine handwriting such as that practiced in Muslim art and writing |
| |
caravan |
a single file of pack animals journeying together to transport goods |
| |
classic |
a work of art or literature from ancient Greece or Rome; something considered to be of the highest rank or excellence |
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