 | Term | Definition |
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anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating, and pica |
what are the four officially recognized eating disorders? |
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dieters, ballet dancers, competitive athletes, fitness instructors, dietetics majors, people with type 1 diabetes |
who is at risk of anorexia nervosa? |
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western society pressure on female thinness, the need to conform to society's expectations of acceptable body weight and shape, low self esteem, and a need to control some aspects of ones life completely |
what are some contributing factors of anorexia nervosa? |
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refusal to maintain body weight, intense fear of gaining weight, denial of being underweight, lack of menstrual periods in women |
what are the essential features of anorexia nervosa? |
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they become cold easily, have unusually low heart rates and sometimes an irregular heartbeat, dry skin, and low blood pressure, irregular menstrual cycles. |
what are some symptoms of anorexia nervosa? |
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recurrent episodes of binge eating, forcing weight loss in inappropriate ways (induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives), self evaluation is completely based on body shape and size |
what are some essential features of bulimia nervosa? |
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not known with certainty, but pointing at depression and abnormal mechanisms for regulating food intake, and feast and famine cycles |
what are some causes of bulimia nervosa? |
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unlike bulimia nervosa people with binge eating disorder dont vomit, use laxatives, fast, or exercise excessively in an attempt to control weight gain. |
what is the difference between bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder? |
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consumption can block the intestinal tract and cause parasitic and bacterial infections. |
what can dirt/ clay consumption (geophagia pica disorder) cause? |
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mental retardation and death |
what are the effects of high levels of lead exposure to children? |
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hearing problems, growth retardation, reduced intelligence, and poor classroom performance |
what are the effects of low levels of lead exposure to children? |
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clay and dirt consumption (geophagia) |
what pica disorder is associated with iron deficiency anemia? |
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it is recommended that pregnant women do not drink |
what is the alcohol consumption recommendation for pregnant women? |
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women |
who feels the effects of alcohol faster men or women? |
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0.6% |
blood alcohol levels above _______% can cause death |
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7 |
alcohol provides ______ calories per gram |
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light beer, malt beverage, beer, wine cooler |
what alcoholic beverages have a serving size of 12 oz? |
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1 1\2 oz |
what is the serving size of 80-proof liquor? |
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5 oz |
what is the serving size of wine? |
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thiamin deficiency |
what deficiency causes "delirium tremens"? |
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various homicides (including drowning, fire, traffic accidents, and suicide) |
alcohol abuse is associated with a high proportion of what? |
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rape and assaults, and alcohol poisoning |
alcohol abuse is associated with what? |
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no, it usually takes 5 to 7 years and professional help to correct |
is anorexia nervosa easy to treat? |
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they tend to be normal weight or overweight. |
what weight do people with bulimia nervosa tend to be? |
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thiamin, vitamin A and C, calcium, and iron |
alcohol abuse can lead to what nutrient deficiencies? |
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high blood pressure, stroke, cirrhosis of the liver, throat, stomach, and bladder cancer, central nervous system disorders, and vitamin and mineral deficiency diseases |
alcoholism leads to what diseases? |
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genetics, friends or peers who drink, high levels of stress, availability of alcohol, television ads depicting youth oriented parties. |
what causes alcoholism? |
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in the stomach and small intestine |
where is alcohol absorbed? |
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not drinking if you are or could become pregnant, not drinking on an empty stomach, slowly sipping rather than gulping drinks, limiting alcohol to an amount that doesnt make you lose control over your mind and body, never driving a car or boat, hunting, or operating heavy equipment while under the influence of alcohol |
what are some safe drinking recommendations? |
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basically, except food intolerances do not use the bodies immune system |
are food allergies the same as food intolerances? |
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food allergies |
what involves the immune system? food intolerances or food allergies? |
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a severe reaction |
is anaphylactic shock a mild or severe reaction? |
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epinephrine |
what are you suppose to inject into people with anaphylactic shock? |
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infants and young children |
who experiences food allergies more often, infants and young children or adults? |
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skin eruptions, gastrointestinal upsets, respiratory problems |
whats the most common allergic reactions? |
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wheat |
Celiac sprue is an allergy to what? |
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diarrhea, weight loss, cramps, anemia |
what are the symptoms of celiac sprue? |
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difficult |
is celiac sprue easy or difficult to diagnose? |
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1 in 120 to 300 people |
1 in how many people encounter celiac sprue? |
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increasing |
is the rate of confirmed cases of celiac sprue increasing or decreasing? |
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nuts, eggs, wheat, milk, peanuts, soy, shellfish, and fish (big eight allergenic foods) |
what are the most common foods that cause food allergies? |
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histamine |
what chemical is in red whine that may cause migraine headaches? |
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foods without added milk solids (hard cheese, low or no lactose milk, buttermilk, and yogurt) |
what foods are tolerated by people with lactose maldigestion? |
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wine, beer, hard cider, tea, fruit juices, vegetable juices, guacamole, dried fruit, potato products, canned vegetables, baked goods, spices, gravy, soup mixes, jam, trail mix, fish and seafood |
what foods contain sulfites? |
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dizziness, sweating, flushing, a rapid heartbeat, and a ringing sound in the ears |
what symptoms are associated with MSG? |
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a test used to determine the presence of a food allergy or other adverse reaction to a food. in this test, neither the patient nor the care provider knows whether a suspected offending food or a placebo is being tested |
what is the double blind placebo controlled food challenge? |
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Singapore (NOT THE U.S.) |
which country has the lowest infant mortality rate? |
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iron deficiency |
what is the most common nutrient deficiency in pregnant women? |
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the womans diet |
what supplies calcium for the fetus during pregnancy? |
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no |
should unpasteurized honey be given to infants? |
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70% |
what percentage of new mothers breastfeed? |
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no |
do pregnant women have an instinct to choose/ consume a healthy diet? |
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cows milk, egg white, fish, seafood, nuts, peanuts, peanut butter, soy protein, wheat products |
what foods should be avoided in the first year of life to prevent food allergies? |
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protection against a variety of illnesses, also prevention of cancer of the lymph system, asthma, and diabetes during childhood, promotes optimal growth and development of the nervous system and eyes, promote intelligence |
what are some benefits of breastfed infants? |
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breast feeding for the first 6 months, introduce solid foods after 6 months, first food should be iron fortified. |
what are dietary recommendations for infants? |
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right when they enter pregnancy |
when is folate important to consume during pregnancy |
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diets should supply all of the nutrients breastfeeding women need, fluids should be consumed to thirst, weight loss should not exceed 6 to 8 pounds per month after the first month delivery; caloric intakes should not fall below 1500, alcohol intake should be avoided |
what are the recommendations for breastfeeding women? |
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folate, vitamin A, calcium, vitamin d, iron, iodine, EPA and DHA |
what nutrients are of concern for pregnant women? |
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should not consume any alcohol, may cause fetal alcohol syndrome in fetus |
what are the recommendations for alcohol consumption for pregnant women and the effects of alcohol consumption for pregnant women? |
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grapes, frankfurter pieces, hard candy, hard pieces of vegetables, meat chunks, nuts and seeds, popcorn, raw vegetables |
what foods may lead to choking in infants? |
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iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in pregnant women. |
why do women need to consume iron when they are pregnant especially? |
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not breastfeeding |
what is the cause of reduced breast milk production? |
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28 to 40 pounds |
what is the recommendation for weight gain for a women who is underweight according to her pregnant weight? |
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additional 340 calories a day in the second trimester and 450 calories in the third trimester |
what are the recommendations for increased caloric consumption in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy? |
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it helps in growth development, also meet their calcium and vitamin d needs |
why should children drink milk? |
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no it is not |
is soda a good beverage choice for children? |
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its basically tripled |
what is the rate of overweight children/adolescents since the 1960's? |
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when growth is not occurring and children eat very little or start eating only a few favorite foods |
what are food jags? |
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no the are not recommended, they can cause obesity and high blood pressure and heart disease |
are high sodium diets recommended for children? what can they cause? |
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14-16 for guys, 12-14 for girls |
when do growth spurts generally occur for guys? for girls? |
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the environment in which children learn about food, what foods are offered, how frequently they are offered |
what affects food likes and dislikes? |
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too little fruits and vegetables, calcium, zinc, vitamins E, D, C, and B6, and too little dietary fiber |
which nutrients do children over the age of two in the U.S. consume too little of? |
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bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins or other contaminants |
what are the causes of foodborne illness? |
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infected animals, human feces on food, contaminated water |
what are the sources of contamination of salmonella infections? |
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basically forever, as long as no errors or pinholes occur on the can |
what is the shelf life for canned foods? |
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a potential killer, about 8% die a year from it, associated with the consumption of undercooked ground beef |
what is e. coli 0157:H7 associated with? |
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human infestation with tapeworm |
what is raw fish associated with |
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a no oxygen environment |
what environmental condition produces botulism toxin? |
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40 degrees and 135 degrees fahrenheit |
what is the danger zone temperature when bacteria grow best? |
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people who eat out often from food production and processing |
effects of foodborne illnesses are generally the most severe in what kinds of people? |
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if cows are fed animal parts |
how does mad cow disease occur? |
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when food comes into contact with contaminated food, mainly caused by bacteria and virus contamination |
what is cross contamination of foods? |
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women should not eat any fish |
what is recommended for women to avoid in relation to mercury contamination? |
| |
76 million |
the centers for disease control and prevention estimates that each year int he U.S. foodborne illnesses cause sickness in how many people? |
| |
wash hands, surfaces, utensils, meat and food, avoid raw cooked foods, keep hot foods hot, cold foods cold, avoid expiration date, food storage recommendations |
what are some recommendations to prevent foodborne illness? |
