 | Term | Definition |
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social psychology |
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
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attribution theory |
the theory that we tend to give a causal explanation for someone's behavior, often by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition |
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fundamenta attribution error |
the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
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attitude |
a belief and feeling that predisposes one to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. |
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foot-in-the-door phenomenon |
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request |
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cognitive dissonance theory |
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. for example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes |
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conformity |
adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard |
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normative social influence |
influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
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informational social influence |
influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality |
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social facilitation |
improved performance of tasks in the presence of others; occurs with simple or welllearned tasks but not with takds that are difficult or not yet mastered |
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social loafing |
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable |
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deindividuation |
the loss of self awareness and self restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity |
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group polarization |
the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through dicussion within the group |
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groupthink |
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides a realistic appaisal of alternatives |
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self-fulfilling prophecy |
occurs when one person's belief about others leads one to act in ways that induce the others to appear to confirm the belief |
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prejudice |
an unjustifiable attitude toward a group and tis members. prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a prediposition to discriminatory actions |
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stereotype |
a generalized belief about a group of people |
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ingroup |
"Us" people with whom one shares a common identity |
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outgroup |
"them" those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup |
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ingroup bias |
the tendency to favor one's own group |
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scapegoat theory |
the theory that prejudice provides an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
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just world phenomenon |
the tendency of poeple to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
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aggression |
any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destory |
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frustraion aggressin principle |
the principle that frustration the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal creates anger, which can generate aggression |
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conflict |
a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals or ideas |
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social trap |
a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing ther self interest, become caought in mutually destructive behavior |
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mere exposure effect |
the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them |
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passionate love |
an aroused state of intense positive absorption in naother, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship |
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companionate love |
the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are interwined |
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equity |
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it |
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self disclosure |
revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
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altruism |
unslefish regard for the welfare of others |
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bystander effect |
the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystandes are present |
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social exchange theory |
the theory that our social bhavior is an exchange precess, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
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superordinate goals |
shared goals that override differences among people and require their coopertiaon |
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GRIT |
graduated and reciprocated initiatives in tenison reduction a startegy desinged to decrease international tensions |
| Add or remove terms from this set |
