 | Term | Definition |
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Compounds |
Made up of more than 1 type of atom. |
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Compounds (still pure substance) |
Because of constant grouping of atoms and they are electrically nutral |
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Chemical Reactions (Bonding) |
Atoms combine to form compounds/compounds decompose into atoms |
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Chemical Bond |
forces that hold atoms together in a molecule |
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Elements Bond |
to become more stable like noble Gases |
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Noble Gases |
Dont form compounds B/C the outer shell is full (=stability) |
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Stable Octet |
Noble Gases |
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Trading or Sharing e- |
Done to form Compounds with 8 Valence e- |
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Octet Rule |
atoms adjust their valence e- to gain noble gas stablity |
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Ionic bond |
Trading e- |
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Covalent Bond |
Sharing e- |
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Ions |
atoms that have gained or lost e- and have a charge |
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Cation |
ion with positive charge |
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Anion |
ion with negative charge |
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The one that gives e- |
becomes positive |
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The one receives e- |
becomes negative |
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Ionic Compounds |
Consist of metal cations (+) and nonmetal anions (-) |
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Strong electrical attractions between opposite charges |
Ionic bonds |
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3 things that Ionic Bonds cause |
Hardness, High Melting and Boiling points |
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Ionic Chemical Formulas |
Indicate # and kinds of ions that make up the ionic compounds |
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Rule for writing Ions |
Metal cation always comes before nonmetal anions |
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Compounds are Neutral |
the sum of ionic charges in formula must ALWAYS BE ZERO |
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Hydrogen |
is the ONLY ion that holds a + charge |
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the name of the metal ion |
is the same as its element name |
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the name of the nonmetal ion |
is obtained by replacing the end with -ide |
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Compounds with 2 elements |
name form: "cation anion" |
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Transition Metals |
form 2 or more kinds of + ions b\c they lose both valence e- and lower e- name includes charge |
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Chromium |
Becomes Cr2+ (Chromium II) and Cr3+ (Chromium III) |
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Copper |
Cu+ Copper(I) and Cu2+ Copper(II) |
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Gold |
Au+ Gold(I) and Au3+ Gold(III) |
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Iron |
Fe2+ Iron(II) and Fe3+ Iron(III) |
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Lead |
Pb2+ Lead(II) and Pb4+ Lead(IV) |
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Tin |
Sn2+ Tin(II) and Sn4+ Tin(IV) |
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Polyatomic Ions |
A group of atoms with an electric charge, most consist of nonmetal bonded to O atoms |
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All common Polyatomic Ions |
negative Charge:-1,-2,-3 |
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Ammonium |
the only Polyatomic Ion with Positive charge, NH4+ |
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Most Common Polyatomic Ions |
End in -ate |
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PIs with One less oxygen atom |
end in -ite |
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Exceptions to the naming of P ions |
Hydroxide (OH-) and Cyanide (CN-) |
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Covalent Substances |
Consist of nonmetals and are held together by sharing e-(called molecules) |
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Diatomic Gases |
Covalent elements |
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Diatomic Hydrogen |
H2 |
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Diatomic Nitrogen |
N2 |
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Diatomic Oxygen |
O2` |
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Diatomic Fluorine |
F2 |
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Diatomic Chlorine |
Cl2 |
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Diatomic Bromine |
Br2 |
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Diatomic Iodine |
I2 |
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C,O,N,S |
will form multiple bonds |
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Double Bonds |
share 2 pairs (4e-) |
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Triple Bonds |
Share 3 pairs(6e-) |
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Naming Covalent Bonds |
First nonmetal named by elemental name Second nonmetal named by ending- ide |
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1 |
MONO |
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2 |
di |
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3 |
tri |
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4 |
tetra |
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5 |
penta |
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6 |
hexa |
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7 |
hepta |
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8 |
octa |
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9 |
nona |
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10 |
Deca |
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Electronegativity |
The ability of an atom to attract bonding electrons L-poor R-Very High |
