Set: South and Central America- Exam

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All 195 Terms

Term Definition
90 % of all SA live within 200 miles of the ocean
spanish, portuguese ½ of the people in SA speak ______ and ½ speak _____
Colombia Most ethnically varied country in all of SA
colombia Only country with coast on Caribbean and Pacific Oceans
colombia country with El dorado
El Dorado legendary golden city in colombia
colombia 95% of emeralds in the world
95 colombia produces ___% of emeralds in the world
colombia #1 country in bird species
colombia country that Gained independence in 1821
colombia Coffee is 70% of their export (#2 after Brazil in SA)
Arabica better kind of coffee in colombia
Textiles colombia's 2nd biggest legal export
colombia biggest cocaine producer (Brings in twice as much money as coffee)
Venezuela Means "little Venice"
venezuela one of ten top producers in the world, member of OPEC
venezuela May become the western hemisphere's biggest oil and natural gas producer in 21st century
Orinoco biggest river in venezuela, runs through llanos (savannah area)
Lake Maracaibo has oil wells, produces ½ of Venezuela's oil
venezuela Socialist/mixed economy, Nationalized oil, taken large estates from wealthy people
Guyana Former colony of Great Britain, The only English speaking country in SA
guyana Means "land of waters" (has a lot of swamps)
guyana A lot of people from African and Asian (Chinese and East Indian) descent
guyana One of the poorest countries in SA, Capital is Georgetown
guyana Socialist/mixed economy—government owns most of major industries (bauxite)
Bauxite used to make aluminum
Suriname They speak Dutch (connected to New York City b/c it was Dutch colony)
French Guiana Speak French, Only SA country that is still controlled by a European power
Devil's Island almost inaccessible island for prisoners in french guiana
french guiana Gained fame for Cayenne peppers and commercial rocket launching
Ecuador Speak Quechua (language of the Incas), has oil but is almost out
Galapagos Islands has the capital of Quito
peru Was the former heartland of Incan empire, Cuzco was the capital
Machu Picchu in the Andes, abandoned Incan city (no one knows why)
Bolivia One of two landlocked SA countries, has Highest capital in the world
La Paz highest capital in the world, in bolivia
Lake Titicaca Highest navigable lake in the world, in bolivia
bolivia country with the highest capital and navigable lake in the world
Altiplano high plateaus
bolivia In the 170ish years of existence, they have had 195 coups, but recently been fairly stable
bolivia ¾ of its cultivated land is used to grown coca
bolivia Western hemisphere's largest reserves tin, other large mineral reserves (silver esp.)
bolivia Has the strongest Indian imprint of all SA
North part of chile w/ Atacama desert, no rivers, gets moisture from winter fog from ocean
chile Mother load of minerals-copper, silver, gold, sodium nitrate
Middle 9/10 of people live here, has a Mediterranean climate in chile
Central valley best farming (runoffs from Andes) in chile
South marine climate—lots of rain, cold, inhospitable (chile)
chile pinochet took over in coup in 1973 (until 1990)
chile 2,650 miles long (from New York to San Francisco) but thinner than 250 miles wide
chile THINK COPPER (#1 producer in the world)
chile Grapes, apples, and other citrus fruits important
chile Most industrialized of SA pacific coast countries
chile Leads world in production of sodium nitrate
Argentina One of the wealthiest SA countries (when it comes to GDP) but they have an uneven distribution (have very poor too)
argentina 2nd largest physically, 3rd for population (behind Colombia)
argentina Western hemisphere's highest mountain-Aconcagua
Aconcagua w. hemisphere's highest mtn, in argentina
Pampas grassy plain, economic heartland of argentina
Patagonia cold, windy, arid (leeward side of Andes) in argentina
patagonia Spanish word for "big foot"
argentina Mostly European- no Indian or African imprints, 90% of the country is Roman Catholic
argentina Their constitution says that the president has to be a Catholic
Falkland Islands peron declared war on them to increase argentinian nationalism
brazil THINK 55 (5th most populous, and 5th largest physically) in the world
90 % of Brazilians live along a coastal strip b/w the ocean and the escarpment
brazil country with the largest escarpment
brazil Occupy ½ of SA and have ½ of population
Ecuador, Chile two countries that don't share a border w/ Brazil
brazil #1 in coffee, iron ore, bananas, largest catholic, largest Portuguese-speaking, largest foreign debt of any developing nation in the world (more than $260 billion)
brazil In 2002 IMF loaned them $30 billion before da Silva
brazil country that makes up ¼ of Latin America's economy
Amazon Basin one of the world's "great empty spaces", in brazil
Salvador cultural center of Brazil
Shield an outcropping of exposed ancient rock
Brazilian Shield place w/ lots of minerals in brazil (Iron ore, gold, bauxite, gems)
brazil Largely self-sufficient for food, Only imports wheat, Big beef eaters
brazil Big ship-building country, Automobile and steel (largest in SA), Recently started a space program (4 years ago they had their first successful rocket launch)
Favela shanty-towns, brazil
uruguay country w/ Fertile soil for farming and ranching (raise a lot of cattle)
uruguay 90% of the people trace ancestry to Europe
uruguay Long history of peace and prosperity . . . but ruled by military dictatorship
Paraguay Landlocked, poor, and military dictatorship,has polka
Polka national dance and music of paraguay
Parallels of Latitude imaginary lines that run east and west that measure distances north and south of the equator
North Pole 90*N
Meridians of Longitude imaginary lines that run north and south that measure distances east and west of the prime meridian
shining path main commie group in peru
quechua language of the incans
Spanish, Portuguese, French languages spoken south of the US
peninsulars, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, zambo, indians Class Hierarchy in LA
peninsulars, creoles Aristocracy in LA (2 groups)
Peninsulars people born in Spain and Portugal; held most important government jobs and most important positions in catholic church
Creoles people born in LA but ancestors from Europe—wealthy landowners and lesser government officials
mestizos, mulattoes, zambo Common people in LA (3 groups)
Mestizos mixed European and Indian ancestry
Mulattoes European and African ancestry
Zambo Indian and African ancestry
Indians bottom of hierarchy- legally free but usually treated like slaves
Hispaniola First Successful Revolt in LA took place in _________ (place)
France Hispaniola was a colony of ______
Toussaint L'Ouverture Ex-slave who became revolutionary's general in Hispaniola
Haiti first black republic
republic country where leaders are elected
Louisiana Purchase Napoleon sold huge tract of land to US for only $15 million (after losing Haiti, France's largest colony)
Joseph name of Napoleon's bro who was on Spanish throne
Bolivar NORTH, Wealthy Venezuelan Creole, well-educated
Bolivar led soldiers to Colombia, fought in north, 1819
Bolivar Freed Venezuela in 1824, then marched south into Ecuador
San Martin man who Freed southern South America
San Martin man who led his army to Peru, had a meeting w/ Bolivar
republics/monarchies bolivar wanted _____/San Martin wanted _____
Ayacucho Bolivar fought Spaniards in the Andes and defeated them at the Battle of _____
Dom Pedro Portugal's king's son, ruled Brazil
Regent someone who rules in place of another
Dom Pedro man named Emperor of Brazil
Brazil South America's largest country became its only monarchy
Mexico movement starts in the country, and it involves the common people (unlike the other LA independence movements) in _______
Father Miguel Hidalgo priest who called on Indian peasants of his parish to rebel against their Spanish masters in Mexico
Hidalgo Starts a 200 mile march to Mexico City (60,000 people)
Morelos A farmer turned priest, successor to Hildalgo in Mexico
Iturbide Captured Morelos and executed him
Iturbide made peace with rebels and in 1821 proclaimed Mexico independent
Iturbide Made himself emperor of Mexico but was ousted and killed in 1824
Caudillos army officers who ruled like dictators
Monroe Doctrine Spain and France wanted to set up colonies in LA, but in
1823 year of Monroe Doctrine
Diaz leader of Mexico, Helped economically, but ruled like a dictator
Zapata unofficial leader of 1910 revolt during Diaz's rule in Mexico
Mountains feature running down the center of CA
arable CA has very little _______ land
earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes three natural hazards in CA
100 CA has more than ____ active volcanoes
volcanoes Create fertile land along with destruction in CA
San Salvador city in El Salvador that since 16th century has been destroyed 10 times by earthquakes
Nicaragua, honduras countries hit hard by hurricane mitch
mineral, farmland CA has no large ______ deposits and only small parts of ________
coffee, bananas, cotton 3 Biggest exports of CA
Belize Used to be called British Honduras—English speaking
British Honduras old name for Belize
belize Fewest people of any country in CA
belize country w/ 3rd largest offshore coral reef (tourism is big)
african Belize has more people of _____ descent than many other CA countries
Guatemala country that has the largest population in CA (12.7 million)
Indian ½ of Guatemala's population is of ________ descent
textiles guatemala is known for lots of ________ (Dozier says most beautiful in the world)
coffee guatemala's Major export
tikal most famous mayan ruins
guatemala country with mayan ruins
guatemala country that contains the Largest pyramids in the Western hemisphere
Bananas, coffee 50% of exports in honduras, 2 things
El Salvador Most densely populated country in CE (867 people per square mile)
el salvador country w/ a civil war from 1979-1992
el salvador country that has a lot of money from remittances (legal and illegal immigrants in US)
Ortega 1980s, he was a communist, became president of nicaragua
Contras rebel group in Nicaragua against commies
Sandinistas Ortega was a member of the political group ________ (commie group) in Nicaragua
nicaragua CA country involved in iran-contra affair
Costa Rica CA, Stable, highest standard of living, longest period of peace
costa rica Means "rich coast"
costa rica country w/ no real NA imprint (over 90% consider themselves European—Spain)
Costa Rica country that became the first CA country to earn more from manufacturing than farming
Tourism big industry in costa rica
Panama Closest to US of all CA countries
Canal Zone Strip of land 10 miles wide coast to coast
Noriega president of panama who was interviewed by barbara walters
Greater Antilles Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Hispaniola
greater antilles, Bahamas, Lesser Antilles 3 parts of caribbean
sport, commercial _____ fishing is good in caribbean, but _______ isn't (water isn't deep enough)
windward The _______ (N and E) sides of the caribbean islands can receive up to 200 inches of rain a year
leeward ______ side of caribbean islands, only gets 30 inches
Trinidad caribbean island with many people from Asia (India and China)
cuba One of the world's top exporters of sugar
Haiti Gained independence from France in 1804
haiti Became the world's first black republic
haiti Ranks as one of the poorest countries in the world (poorest in western hemisphere)
haiti country w/ Roman Catholicism and Voodoo (religion based in west Africa)
Santo Domingo first permanent European settlement in the New World (Spanish)
dominican republic poor, but better off than haiti
Jamaica english-speaking, Mountainous, less than 20% of land is arable, has bauxite
Bob Marley reggae, 3rd world's first superstar
Puerto Rico one of the highest GDP per capita b/c of US
cuba, puerto rico Spanish colonies until 1898 (two countries)
Self-Governing Commonwealth title of puerto rico (in relation to US)
Virgin Islands Some belong to US, others to UK
US, UK virgin islands, some belong to __ others to ____
Denmark US purchased their virgin islands in 1917 from ______
Bahamas 700 islands fringed with coral reefs
bahamas Low-lying islands (no high elevations)
bahamas Has to import almost all of its food—islands made of coral reef
Barbados Most densely populated country in the western hemisphere
Trinidad and Tobago 43% Black and 40% Asian
trinidad and tobago country w/ Largest natural asphalt lake in the world
Pitch Lake largest natural asphalt lake in the world
Netherland Antilles Aruba, Bonaire, and Curacao

Set Information

Terms 195
Creator iveyle
Created June 11, 2008
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iveyle : Changed Flavela → shanty-towns, brazil to Favela → shanty-towns, brazil
iveyle : Changed Costa Rica → Stable, highest standard of living, longest period of peace to Costa Rica → CA, Stable, highest standard of living, longest period of peace
iveyle : Changed venezuela → One of the most prosperous countries in SA to CHANGE ME → One of the most prosperous countries in SA
iveyle : Changed colombia → country that Gained independence in 1821 to CHANGE ME → country that Gained independence in 1821
iveyle : Changed volcanoes, earthquakes, hurricanes → three natural hazards in CA to earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes → three natural hazards in CA
iveyle : Changed Daniel Ortega → 1980s, he was a communist, became president of nicaragua to Ortega → 1980s, he was a communist, became president of nicaragua
iveyle : Changed Orinoco River → biggest river in venezuela, runs through llanos (savannah area) to Orinoco → biggest river in venezuela, runs through llanos (savannah area)
iveyle : Changed CHANGE ME → country that Gained independence in 1821 to colombia → country that Gained independence in 1821
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Most Missed Words

  1. cuba, puerto rico → Spanish colonies until 1898 (two countries) - 7 misses
  2. guyana → A lot of people from African and Asian (Chinese and East Indian) descent - 6 misses
  3. Altiplano → high plateaus - 5 misses
  4. peninsulars, creoles, mestizos, mulattoes, zambo, indians → Class Hierarchy in LA - 5 misses
  5. bolivia → Has the strongest Indian imprint of all SA - 4 misses
  6. Hispaniola → First Successful Revolt in LA took place in _________ (place) - 4 misses
  7. costa rica → country w/ no real NA imprint (over 90% consider themselves European—Spain) - 4 misses