Set: Cells: Science Final Exam Pt.1

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All 83 Terms

Term Definition
What is the cell organelle Pieces of a cell that perform various life functions
What are the functions of the cell membrane Surrounds the cell, protects the cell, allows small substances to enter and leave the cell, and performs transport + regulation (semi-permeable)
What substances enter the cell H2O, O2, Glucose, amino acids, and fats
What substances leave the cell CO2
What is the function of the nucleus Controls + cordinates life functions (regulation)
What is the nick-name of the nucleus Called the "Brain" of the cell
What is the function of the chromosomes Tells the cell its functions
Where are the chromosomes found Found in the nucleus
What are the functions of the mitochondria Produces energy, and performs cellular respiration (aerobic)
What is the nick-name of the mitochondria "Power house" of the cell
What is the endoplasmic reticulum Series of canals
What does the endoplasmic reticulum do Transports proteins around the cell
What do the ribosomes do Make proteins (synthesis)
What is the function of the Golgi (bodies) Apparatus Packages proteins
What do the lysomes do Breaks down food and warn out cell parts
What is the function of the centrioles Aids in reproduction
What two things are only found in animal cells Lysomes and Centrioles
What is the function of the chloroplasts Performs photosynthesis
What is the cell wall It is a non-living, rigid structure that provides support to the plant
What two things are only found in plant cells Chloroplasts and Cell Walls
What is the cytoplasm A jelly-like structure that protects organelles
What is the shape of all animal cells Circle-like
What is the shape of all plant cells Rectangle/square-like
In a microscope what does the light source allow It allows light to pass through the specimen
What do you do with the eye piece/ocular You view the specimen through it (10x)
What is the function of the objective lenses It magnifies the specimen
Low power = 4x
Medium power = 10x
High power = 40x
What do you do with the stage on the microscope You place the slide
On the microscope what does the diaphragm do Controls the amount of light passing through the specimen
What does the course adjustment knob do Focuses the specimen
What does the fine adjustment knob do sharpens the image
Who discovered the cell Galileo Galilei
What did Galileo Galilei do besides discover the cell Developed first single lense microscope
What did Anton van Leeuwenhoek do He looked at a variety of organisms, and developed a simple microscope
Robert Hooke... Coined the term "Cell"
Robert Brown... Discovered the nucleus
Schleiden Schwann... Stated that all living things are composed of cells
What did Rudolph Virchow find out Cells come from other cells
What is the cell theory 1. All cells come from other cells. 2. all cells are basic units of structures and are the functions of all living things. 3. All living things are made up of cells.
What is cell respiration It is the conversion of food energy into chemical energy (glucose)
Where is energy stored in a cell In molecules called ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
How is energy released in a cell When phosphate breaks off from ATP
What are the 2 pathways of cellular respiration Anerobic Respiration & Aerobic Respiration
What is not required to break down glucose in anerobic resp. O2
What is produced by anerobic resp. 2 ATP molecules, CO2, and alcohol/lactic acid
What happens in alcoholic fermentation (yeast) Glucose (6c), into 2 pyruvic acid (3c), into CO2/2ATP/ethyl alcohol
What happens in lactic acid fermentation (Humans) Glucose (6c), into 2 pyruvic acid (6c), into CO2/2ATP/lactic acid
What is required to completly break down glucose in aerobic resp. O2
What is produced by aerobic resp. CO2 (waste) H2O (products) and 36 ATP/glucose (18 times more efficient)
What is the pathway of aerobic resp. Glucose (6c) into 2 ATP and 2pyruvic acid (3c) [<------ all happens in cytoplasm] [ All happens in mitochondria ------------>] Into CO2/H2O/34 ATP
What is C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Formula of respiration
What is the opposite of C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy Formula of photosynthesis
What is transport Movement of substances around a cell
What does passive transport not use and why Energy (high-low)
What is passive transport Diffusion/osmosis
what does active transport require Energy (low-high)
What are the two types of active transport Pinocytosis & Cytoplasmic Streaming
What is Pinocytosis Sucking in of substances
What is cytoplasm streaming When the cytoplasm moves
What is photosynthesis Process of taking light energy and converting it to chemical energy
What is light Energized photons (electrons). A visible spectrum (ROY G BIV)
What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis CO2, H2O, LIGHT, CHLOROPLASTS, & ATP
what are the products of photosynthesis GLUCOSE AND O2
What is the opposite of photosynthesis Respiration
what is the opposite of respiration Photosynthesis
What is mitosis The process by which chromosomes in the nucleus replicate and divide to form two new cells
What type of reproduction involves mitosis Asexual
What happens during interphase Cells grow, mature and the chromosomes replicate
What happens during prophase I Nucleus and nucleolus disapear, the spindle fibors form and the homologous chromosomes join together to form a tetrad
What happens during metaphase I Tetrads line up in the middle of the cell
What happens during Anaphase I Tetrads are pulled apart
What happens during Telophase I 2 new cells appear, chromosomes are doubled stranded and the nucleus can reapear
What are the steps of Meiosis I Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Homologous chromosomes... look alike
tetrads are... 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes
What is crossing over Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
WHat happens in Prophase II Nucleus disapears and tetrads form
What happens in Metaphase II Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
What happens in Anaphase II Chromosomes are pulled apart
What happens in Telophase II Chromosomes are single stranded, cells have haploid, genetically different, and four new cells appear
What are the differences in Meiosis I and Meiosis II MEIOSIS I: telophase double stranded chromosomes, two cells, tetrads, interphase, and crossing over. MEIOSIS II: Telophase single stranded chromosomes, four cells, no tetrads, no interphase, and no crossing over.

Set Information

Terms 83
Creator tyler419
Created June 12, 2008
Groups Popham 7, Popham 8
Tags cells, science, final, exam, pt.1, mr. raff
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Most Missed Words

  1. What do the lysomes do → Breaks down food and warn out cell parts - 1 miss
  2. What happens in lactic acid fermentation (Humans) → Glucose (6c), into 2 pyruvic acid (6c), into CO2/2ATP/lactic acid - 1 miss
  3. What is the pathway of aerobic resp. → Glucose (6c) into 2 ATP and 2pyruvic acid (3c) [<------ all happens in cytoplasm] [ All happens in mitochondria ------------>] Into CO2/H2O/34 ATP - 1 miss
  4. what does active transport require → Energy (low-high) - 1 miss