 | Term | Definition |
| |
beta lactam class |
1. inhibit call wall synthesis---2. all have beta lactam nucleus -- 3. ability to change the side chain and it changes the penicillin 4. active against a variety of G pos, including staph, strep, clostridia and pneumococci.5. in higher concentration works against G-diplococci and spirochetes |
| |
penicillin G |
most popular--given intravenously b/c acid sensitivity |
| |
penicillin V |
more acid resistant, given orally--- |
| |
penicillin MOA |
blocks the cross linking of carbohydrates in the PEP layer during cell wall formation,---bactericidal |
| |
disadvantages of penicillin |
1. anaphylactic reaction 2. penicillin resistant bacterial species |
| |
semisynthetic penicillin |
modification of natural penicillin by introducing different side chains.---more resistant to penicillinase (enzyme produces by bacteria) |
| |
2 advantages of semisynthetic penicillin |
1. extend the spectrum of antimicrobial activity 2. reduce microbial resistance |
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ex semisynthetic penicillins |
oxacillin & methicillin=penicillinase resistant |
| |
ampicillin |
semisynthetic penicillin= broad spectrum work against G rods, gonococci and meing cocci--resists stomach aids/ absorbed in intestines |
| |
carbenicillin & ticarcillin |
broader G range and UTI |
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amoxicillin w/ clavulanic acid |
augmentin (clavulanic acid inactivates penicillinase |
| |
cephalosporin |
cephalosporin & penicillin =50% of antibiotics produced 2. resembles penicillin 3. used when resistance is encountered 4. used with penicillin allergy exists 5. broader antibacterial spectrum 6. last longer in body 7. resistant to many beta lactamases 8. effective against G neg |
| |
side effects of cephalosporin |
1. occasional allergies 2. thrombophlebitis |
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monobactams |
1. narrow spectrum 2. active against aerobic, G rods, nosocomial infections and bacterial meningitis |
| |
monobactams side effects |
interference with platelet functions 2. severe bleeding |
| |
carbapenems |
broad spectrum antibiotic 2. few side effects |
| |
imipenem |
a carbapenem 2. effective against variety of G pos MOS , G rods and anaerobes |
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fungi/bacteria-antibiotic |
antibiotics are produced by some fungi and bacteria due to competition in the enviroment |
| |
streptomyces /filamentous fact |
more than half antibiotics are produced by this species bacteria that live in the soil |
| |
vancomycin |
1. affects cell wall of G pos (inhibitor) 2. intravenously used w/ staphylococcus infections w/ penicillin resistance 3. inactive against G neg 4. side effects permenant kidney and hearing damage |
