 | Term | Definition |
| |
leadership |
a process that includes influencing the choice of goals and strategies of a group or organization, influencing people to accomplish goals, and promoting a group identity and commitment |
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trait approach to leadership |
a leadership perspective emphasizing the unique characteristics and personality traits possessed by effective leaders |
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transactional leadership |
an "ordinary" leadership that is focused on the immediate situation and getting the job done |
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transformational (charismatic) leadership |
a charismatic and intellectually stimulating leadership that inspires members to create and achieve new visions |
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ethical (positive) charismatics |
charismatic leaders who use their power to achieve the collective interests of the group, organization, or society |
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unethical (negative) charismatics |
charismatics who manipulate their followers into obedience to promote their own self-interests |
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behavior theories of leadership |
leadership theories that focus on leader behavior and leadership styles |
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two-factor model of leader behavior |
a behavior theory of leadership emphasizing two dimensions of leader, task, aand socioemotional behaviors |
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task behaviors |
leadership behaviors focused on organizing followers toward task accomplishment; also called "initiating structure" and "production-oriented" |
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socioemotional behaviors |
leadership behaviors focused on reducing tension and enhancing morale; also called "employee-oriented" and "consideration" |
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autocratic (authoritarian) leaders |
a highly task-oriented, controlling type of leadership in which leaders use their power to coerce others to follow them and allow them little input |
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democratic leaders |
a consultative, socioemotional type of leadership in which followers are asked for input and leaders attend to followers' personal needs and wants |
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participative decision making (PDM) |
a leadership contiuum reflecting a range of member participation ranging from no participation to joint decision making |
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process directiveness |
the way a leader brings out different viewpoints and orchestrates a democratic decision process |
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contingency (situational) theories of leadership |
leadership theories emphasizing that the situation determines whether a given style of leadership will be effective |
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Fiedler's contingency model |
a contingency theory suggesting that the effectiveness of a leader's style depends on leader-member relations, task structure, and position power |
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Least Preferred Coworker (LPC) Scale |
instrucment used by Fiedler to classify leaders as task or socioemotionally oriented based on their ratings of a least preferred coworker |
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path-goal theory of leadership |
a contingency theory recommending that leaders vary their style depending on the members and the task, and should clarify how to reach goals |
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situational theory of leadership |
Hershey and Blanchard's contingency theory recommending one of four styles based on the group's level of development |
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glass ceiling |
term used to refer to the invisible barries hindering the promotion of women and members of other groups traditionally underrepresented into high leadership positions |
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emergent leadership |
the study of fwho tends to emerge as a leader of a group and how groups choose a leader in an initially leaderless group |
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leader prototype |
a mental picture of what a model leader should look and be like; the leader archetype |
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leadership categorization theory |
a theory suggestion that we compare potential leaders to our leader prototypes and this determines whether we cast them in leader roles |
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gender and ethnic job segregation |
the finding that most jobs are gender typed and that particular ethnic groups are rarely found in some job categories |
