 | Term | Definition |
| |
Alfred Adler |
defined the inferiority complex |
| |
agreeableness |
one of the Big 5, the extent to which you get along with others |
| |
Gordon Allport |
he searched descriptive terms looking for a few terms that seem to describe personality fully |
| |
anal stage |
in psychosexual development, the period when a child learns to control elimination |
| |
Big 5 |
term for the relatively few traits generally accepted as the main components of personality |
| |
choleric |
to Galen, irascible, easy to anger |
| |
collective unconscious |
Jung's idea that we all share a deep connection |
| |
conscious mind |
the part of the mind that we are aware of |
| |
defense mechanism |
a method of releasing anxiety from the unconscious in disguised form |
| |
denial |
where Cleopatra waterskied; the refusal to believe something actually happened |
| |
displacement |
defense mechanism in which the object of negative energy is replaced by another |
| |
ego |
the part of the personality that must deal with reality and mediate betwen the demands of the other two parts of the personality |
| |
Electra complex |
the female counterpart to the Oedipus complex |
| |
empathy |
the ability to feel and understand another's emotions |
| |
external locus of control |
what you have when your behavior is energized by forces outside yourself |
| |
extraversion |
personality trait in which energy comes from sources outside oneself |
| |
Hans Eysenck |
psychologist who measured personality of scales on extraversion and stability |
| |
Sigmund Freud |
developed the psychosexual theory of personality development |
| |
Anna Freud |
this neo-Freudian studied child development issues |
| |
genital stage |
period of adult sexuality |
| |
genuineness |
for a therapist, the sense of being real with a patient, without hiding emotions behind screens |
| |
hedonist |
to Aristotole, one who seeks only pleasure |
| |
heritability |
the extent to which differences in a group of people are attributable to genes |
| |
Karen Horney |
disagreed with Freud's theories as they applied to females |
| |
id |
the repository of our basic urges |
| |
individualistic |
term describes a method of organizing society such that persons are favored over the group |
| |
inferiority complex |
developed by Adler, suggests that failure to achieve or suffering abuse and discrimination as a child can have long-lasting effects |
| |
internal locus of control |
what you have when your behavior is energized by forces within you |
| |
introversion |
personality trait characterized by one's being energized by forces within oneself |
| |
latent stage |
time from about ages 6 to 12 when psychosexual development takes a rest |
| |
living in the moment |
Rogers's idea of being fully attentive to the here and now |
| |
melancholic |
to Galen, being sad or depressed |
| |
MMPI |
a long, reliable and valid personality inventory, administered only by licensed and trained psychologists |
| |
neo-Freudian |
a group of psychologists and psychiatrists who generally followed Freud, but with reservations and modifications to his theories |
| |
Oedipus complex |
Freud's idea that a boy suffers great anxiety over his desire for his mother |
| |
castration complex |
Freud's idea that a boy fears retaliation by his father for the boy's desire for the mother |
| |
open to experience |
Rogers's characterization of one who receives sensory experience without barriers |
| |
phallic stage |
during this time the Oedipus and Electra complexes occur |
| |
phlegmatic |
to Galen, calm, not easily exited |
| |
possible selves |
alternative futures one might envision for oneself |
| |
preconscious |
that part of the mind in which material is readily accessible, but not cuurently being used, according to Freud |
| |
projection |
defense mechanism in which one ascribes to another feelings or attitudes that one actually hold himself |
| |
projective test |
method of trying to access the unconscious indirectly, as, for example, by interpreting inkblots or drawing a person |
| |
psychoanalysis |
method of psychotherapy developed by S. Freud |
| |
rationalization |
defense mechanism in which one ascribes one's behavior to causes that may have no relation to the behavior, but serve to disguise the true cause of the behavior |
| |
reaction formation |
defense mechanisism in which one's behavior is directly the opposite of the unconscious and unacceptable desires |
| |
regression |
denfense mechanism in which one returns to an earlier stage of life, one with less anxiety |
| |
repression |
defense mechanism in which one buries painful memories so deeply they are difficult to access |
| |
Carl Rogers |
psychologist who developed person-centered therapy |
| |
Rorschach test |
projective test which involves interpreting inkblots |
| |
sanguine |
to Galen, optimistic, pleasant |
| |
self-actualization |
the highest stage of Maslow's hierarchy in which one fully expresses one's best personality |
| |
sublimation |
defense mechanism in which one transforms anxiety and negative energy into positive forms such as art |
| |
superego |
part of Freud's personality that tells you how should behave |
| |
temperament |
evident shortly after birth, this personality component is very stable over a lifetime |
| |
trait |
personality component which is used to describe a certain aspect of the personality |
| |
trusting oneself |
In Rogers's theory, the belief that your judgments about events is accurate |
| |
unconditional positive regard |
in Rogers's theory, the total acceptance a therapist offers a client |
| |
unconscious mind |
an iceberg is used as a metaphor for this component in Freud's personality theory |
| |
collectivistic |
term describes a method of organizing society in such a way that the group takes precedence over the individual |
| |
conscientiousness |
the quality of being neat, reliable, trustworthy |
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