 | Term | Definition |
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rational number |
A positive or negative number (decimal, fraction, or percent) |
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integer |
A positive or negative number |
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absolute value |
The distance a number is from zero on a number line |
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proportional relationship |
Numbers that can be simplified to two equal ratios (fractions) |
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ratio |
Comparing two quantities by division |
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irrational number |
A non-terminating, non-repeating decimal (π or √2) |
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scientific notation |
Writing a very large or small number as times ten to a power |
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unit rate |
Comparing an amount to one (5 apples for $10, how much does 1 apple cost?) |
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non-proportional relationship |
Numbers that cannot be simplified to equal ratios (fractions) |
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square |
A number times itself or A geometric shape with 2 sets of parallel sides, 4 right angles, and 4 congruent sides |
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percent |
Comparison to 100 |
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pi |
π 3.14… or 22/7 The ratio of circumference to diameter of a circle |
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enlargement |
Making a new image that is bigger than the original figure |
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dilation |
A transformation that either enlarges or reduces a figure to make a similar image |
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translation |
A transformation in which each part of a figure is moved same distance and direction (slide) |
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transformation |
A change in position, size or shape of a figure |
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scale factor |
The ratio of dimensions of the new image to those of the original figure |
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reduction |
Making a new image that is smaller than the original figure |
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pythagorean theorem |
States that in a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs. |
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line of reflection |
The line over which a figure is reflected. The vertices of the original and new figure are the same distance from this. |
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reflection |
A transformation that flips the figure over the line of reflection |
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sequences |
A set of numbers that follows a pattern |
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term |
A number in a sequence |
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hypotenuse |
The longest side of a right triangle (directly across from the right angle.) “c” in the Pythagorean theorem |
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quadrants |
The four corners of the coordinate grid |
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y-axis |
Vertical line on a coordinate grid |
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x-axis |
Horizontal line on a coordinate grid |
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total surface area |
The sum of all the areas of the faces of a 3D solid |
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lateral surface area |
The sum of all the areas of the faces of a 3D solid except the bases |
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ordered pairs |
(x,y) a point on the coordinate grid |
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similar figures |
Two figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size |
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volume |
The number of cubic units needed to fill the space inside the 3D figure |
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slant height |
The height of a triangular face of a pyramid |
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dependent events |
The outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the second event |
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independent events |
The outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of the second event |
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compound events |
Two or more related events in probability |
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measure of central tendency |
A central value that summarizes a set of data (mean, median, mode, or range) |
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theoretical probability |
Probability based on comparing the number of possible favorable outcomes to the number of total possible outcomes |
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experimental probability |
Probability based on data from repeating an event (doing an experiment) |
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mode |
The data item that appears the most number of times |
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median |
The middle number in a set of numbers that are listed in order |
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mean |
The average (add all values and divide by how many there are) |
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positive trend |
When the dots in a scatter plot go up. Both sets of data increase together |
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scatter plot |
A graph that displays two sets of data as ordered pairs (points) |
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outliers |
Numbers that are much greater or much less than the other numbers in the set |
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trend line |
A line drawn in a scatter plot to fit most of the dots and shows the relationship between the two sets of data |
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no trend |
No relationship in the scatter plot. The dots are all over the place and not in a line. |
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negative trend |
When the dots in a scatter plot go down. One set of data increases while the other set decreases |
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frequency |
The number of times a data item occurs within a set of data. (Types of frequency graphs: stem and leaf, line plot and histogram |
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quartiles |
The data is divided into four equal parts |
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box and whisker plot |
A graph that summarizes data along a number line using quartiles |
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line plot |
A graph that uses x marks above a number line to display data |
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conjecture |
A statement predicting what is true |
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sample |
The group selected to be surveyed from a whole population |
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line graph |
A graph that uses line segments to show changes that occur over time |
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histogram |
A bar graph where the bars touch and the numbers are arranged into intervals |
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stem and leaf plot |
Shows numeric data arranged in order and broken into a stem and leaf |
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central angle |
The angles of each piece of the pie in a circle graph. All must add up to 360˚ (Use proportions to find these angles) |
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circle graph |
A graph of data where the entire circle represents the whole or 100% |
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bar graph |
Uses rectangular bars to represent data. Bars do not touch. |
