Set: Europe since 1970

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All 53 Terms

Term Definition
Helsinki Agreements 1975 agreements that all major states agreed upon that recognized the Soviet sphere of influence and the importance human rights
Evil Empire Reagan's nickname for the Soviet Union, illustrated an end to detente
SDI Reagan's strategic defense initiative that attempted to create a defensive shield, reducing the threat of MAD; nicknamed "star wars"
Mikhail Gorbachev Soviet dictator from 1985 to 1991 whose policies caused the end of the Soviet Union; revisionist historians identify him as the true Cold War Hero, not Reagan
Gulf War 1990 US led check on Iraqi power when Hussein invaded Kuwait; the first test of the newly created US-Soviet relations
Brezhnev Soviet Dictator from 1964 to 1982; brought an end to the Dethawing of the Cold War, instituted his doctrine of intervention in Eastern Europe; invaded Afghanistan in 1979
perestroika Gorbachev's policy of "restructuring" of economics, allowed for development of Free Enterprise System
glasnost Gorbachev's policy of "openness" that allowed for freedom of the press, Pravda was able to print political controversy
CIS the political organization that took the place of the Soviet Union in 1991; excluded the old Soviet states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia
Yeltsin first President of Russia; saved Gorbachev in a attempted hardliner coup
Solidarity Polish labor movement that called for emancipation from the Warsaw Pact; in 1981 its leaders were imprisoned and the Soviet Union asserted authority
Walesa Polish Solidarity leader that was arrested in 1981 and became the first President of Poland in 1989; failed to solve the economic issues and lost election by 1991
Vaclav Havel Czech playwright that called for the independence of Czechoslovakia by 1989; became the first President of Czechoslavakia and the first President of the Czech Republic in 1993
Czech Republic and Slovakia established as independent states in 1993 because of the ethnic conflicts that could not be resolved during democratic reforms
New World Order from 1989 to 1991, the world believed that earth was progressing into a positive state of affairs with the end of the Cold War, unfortunately this euphoria came to an end with the rise of global terrorism
Honecker East German dictator from 1971 to 1989 that ruled with an iron fist, secret police and refusal of reforms; in 1989, his economic policies cause a mass East German migration through Hungary to get to West Germany, which caused him to open borders with West Germany
Milosevic Yugoslavian dictator that used Serbian nationalism to strengthen his position; he was imprisoned for crimes against humanity with his policy of "ethnic cleansing"
Bosnia political chaos occurred between Serbs, Croats, and Bosnian Muslims after its independence; the 1995 Dayton Accords established some type of stability
Kosovo region of Yugoslavia that had autonomy until Milosovic attempted to crush the Albanian group with ethnic cleansing; 1999 NATO used military strikes against Yugoslavia until the crisis came to an end in 1999
Slovenia and Croatia the first two Slavic states that declared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991
the EC the European Community that was established to increase European Economies, became the EU with the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht
Ostpolitik Willy Brandt's policy of "opening toward the east" that increased relations between West and East Germany in 1972
Kohl Christian Democrat Chancellor of West Germany that witnessed the unification of Germany
Thatcher British Prime Minister that increased the British political, military, and economic strength
Thatcherism Thatcher's economic policy that focused on streamlining the government expenses to strengthen the British Pound; this was done at a social cost
Falklands War conflict between Britain and Argentina; a military junta claimed ownswership of the British colony sparking an international crisis. The British won the war and the military junta lost authority in Argentina
Tony Blair British Labour Prime Minister, 1997 to 2007; staunch American Ally on war against terrorism
Watergate US political crisis in which Nixon tried to cover up an irrelevant political event; the cover up, along with the Vietnam Crisis, discredited Nixon forcing him to resign
OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; international cartel that inflates price of oil by limiting supply; Venezuela, Saudi Arabia and UAE are prominent members
Francois Mitterand Socialist President of France from 1981 to 1995
Ayatollah Khomeini Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy
supply-side economics macroeconomic movement that called for tax cuts, especially to the industrialists, in hopes to spark new investments in infrastructure; then, with a greater supply being produced, the number of jobs would increase. With more jobs, more money to be spent was created. Ronald Reagan supported this policy in the 1980's
Pierre Trudeau Canadian Liberal Prime Minister from 1968 to 1984 (with one short break); he liberalized social laws such as legalizing homosexuality and expanding the right to divorce; attempted to bring stability with the French speaking Canadians by creating Official Languages Act, allowing for bilingualism to be the official policy
IRA Irish Republican Army that has used terrorism off and on for the past several decades
World Trade Center Once an icon for the global economy in New York, became a target for terrorism in 1993 and 2001; al Queda was solely responsible for the 9-11 attacks
guest workers immigrant workers who originally welcomed in West Germany as an answer to the labor crisis; in the 1990's they became a source of controversy as they called for equal citizenship, especially after the euphoria of reunificaiton in Germany
Green Parties political organizations throughout Europe that have focused attention on the ecological issues, women's rights, and the need for a greater welfare states
Americanism the wave of American pop culture that has permeated all aspects of Western Culture; rooted with rock and roll such as Elvis, the music revolution saw a British fad headed by the Beatles
computers technology that has changed the way Western Civilization operates; led to the internet and ever increasing globalism
the Red Brigades and Mafia illustration of the Italian chaos where the communist group assassinated key officials and rise of organized crime; the Italian government could not stem the chaos leading to instability
Abrastract Expressionism American artistic movement that reflected the exuberance of the Post-War world; Jackson Pollack's Lavender Mist seems to be best example
Postmodernism philosophy that rejects absolute truths; allows for relativism. Artistically, a rise of medieval art such as pottery and weaving became important
serialism dominant Post-War music movement; compositional procedure where an order of succession is set for specific values: pitch, loudness, and units of time.Oliver Messian is identifed as first Serialist
minimalism offshoot of serialism, more harmonic than serialism; best example is Philip Glass
Theater of the Absurd postwar literary movement that reflected the times (1950's and 60's) of disillusionment with fixed ideological belives in politics or religion; a semse of meaninglessness underscored the movement. Samuel Beckett and Gunter Grass are among key writers
Waiting for Godot Samuel Beckett's novel that identified the unrealistic; two men wait for an appointment that may or may have not been made; the suspense is not what is going to happen, but what is exactly happening right now
magic realism Postmodern literary movement in Latin America that combined realistic events with dreamlike or fantastic backgrounds, Garcia's One Hundred Years of Solitude is among the best examples
Existentialism philosophy that focused on meaninglessness of the age; developed from the disillusionment of the two world wars, and relied on materialism and determinism
Camus and Sartre two prominent Existentialists
Pope John XXIII reigned as Pope from 1958-1963, sparked a Catholic revival and summoned Vatican II that liberalized (modernized) a number of Catholic practices
Pope John Paul II the "rock star" Pope who sought a revived relationship with the global youth; transcended politics calling for leaders to work to prevent war
global village McLuhan's optimistic idea that the world would become barrierless because of the growing technology; the new world would have fewer cultural distinctions
NGO's groups that work to cultivate a global perspective; focus on social, environmental, and economic issues while not being politically aligned
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Set Information

Terms 53
Creator kevinwasinger
Created May 22, 2007
Groups Was's History, Pre-IB 9 World History
Tags was, history
Access Anyone
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53 different terms to prepare for Friday's Quiz and next Wednesday's test

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ClaireHarrington : thanks was!
famOso_1056140 : the IRA term has the answer in it,but its all gud!
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Most Missed Words

  1. Ayatollah Khomeini → Shiite religious leader of Iran, led the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran and ordered the invasion of the US Embassy - 24 misses
  2. Pierre Trudeau → Canadian Liberal Prime Minister from 1968 to 1984 (with one short break); he liberalized social laws such as legalizing homosexuality and expanding the right to divorce; attempted to bring stability with the French speaking Canadians by creating Official Languages Act, allowing for bilingualism to be the official policy - 23 misses
  3. Abrastract Expressionism → American artistic movement that reflected the exuberance of the Post-War world; Jackson Pollack's Lavender Mist seems to be best example - 16 misses
  4. Vaclav Havel → Czech playwright that called for the independence of Czechoslovakia by 1989; became the first President of Czechoslavakia and the first President of the Czech Republic in 1993 - 14 misses
  5. Mikhail Gorbachev → Soviet dictator from 1985 to 1991 whose policies caused the end of the Soviet Union; revisionist historians identify him as the true Cold War Hero, not Reagan - 12 misses
  6. Francois Mitterand → Socialist President of France from 1981 to 1995 - 11 misses
  7. NGO's → groups that work to cultivate a global perspective; focus on social, environmental, and economic issues while not being politically aligned - 11 misses