 | Term | Definition |
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9 Supreme Court Justices |
Ruth Bader- Ginsburg*, John Roberts*, Clarence Thomas*, Samuel Alito*, Steven Breyor, David Sarder, Anthony Kennedy, Antonin Scalia, John Paul Stevens |
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11 Important Supreme Court Cases |
Brown vs. Board of Education, Marbury Vs. Madison, Dred Scott vs. Sanford , Korematsu vs. US, NY Times vs. United States, Texas vs. Johnson, Roe vs. Wade, Hazelwood vs. Kulhiemer, Gideon vs. Wainwright, Miranda vs. Arizona, Tinker vs. Des Moines |
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Judiciary Act |
1789- Creted the Federal Court System |
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Judicial Review (Marbury vs. Madison) |
Supreme court can review any federal or state law to see if it is in agreement with the Constitution |
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3 Principles of Judicial Review |
Constitution is supreme law of the land, where this is a conflict between any other law, the Constitution must be followed, Judicial Branch has duty to uphold Constitution and able to determine when a law conflicts the Constitution and has to nullify unconstitutional laws |
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Federal Court system |
Supreme court, appeals court, district courts |
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Lower state Courts |
justice courts, magistrate courts, municipal courts |
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Higher State courts |
State supreme court, appelate courts, General Trial Courts |
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Due Process |
U.S. code, the offense, the arrest, the grand jury, the trial, the sentence, the appeal |
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Accuse |
the charges with the fault , offense, or crime |
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the accused |
a person blamed for a crime |
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acquit |
to declare not guilty |
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adhearing |
to be developed in support or allegiance; be attached as a follower or upholder |
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admirality |
to office or jurisdiction or an admiral |
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appeal |
an earnest request for aid, support, sympathy, mercy, etc |
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appellate jurisdiction |
the federal court appeal system |
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arrest |
to seize a person by legal authority or warrant; to take into custody |
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attained |
to pass a sentence of attainder against |
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civil |
of the commonwealth or state |
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civil case |
in which two parties dissagree over an issue |
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civil rights |
the rights of the citizens |
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conscience |
the inner sense of what is right or wrong in one's conduct or motives |
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convict |
to be found quilty |
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crime |
an action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interest of the state that is legally prohibited |
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custody |
keeping |
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decsion |
the act or process of decsiding |
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defendant |
person on trial |
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deliberation |
the time period when a jury discusses a case |
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doubt |
to be uncertain about; consider questionable or unlikely |
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equity |
the quality of birng fair or impartial |
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evidence |
that which tends to prove of disprove something |
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forfeiture |
something that is list or surrendered as a penalty |
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extrapolate |
to infer from something that is known |
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extradite |
to give up an alleged fugitive or criminal to another state, nation, or authority |
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Grand Jury |
a jury designated to ascertain whether the evidence is sufficent to warrant or trial |
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incarcernation |
to be placed in prison |
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indict |
to formally accuse someone of a crime |
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indictment |
to be officially charged with a crime |
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interrogation |
the act of quetioning |
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jurisdiction |
the powers a court has to hear a case |
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jury/ juror |
a group of persons sworn to render a verdict or true answer on a question or questions officially submitted to them |
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justice |
the qualtiy of being just |
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U.S. code |
a collection of all laws |
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offense |
a crime that was committed |
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liable |
legally reponsible |
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martime |
anything that occurs at sea |
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miranda rights |
the rights of which an arresting officer must advise that person being arrested |
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originial justidiction |
the authority to hear cases for the first time |
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overturn |
to overthrow power |
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party |
a group of persons with common political opinons |
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perjury |
the willful giving of false testimony |
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plantiff |
a person who brings about a lawsuit |
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preponderance |
superiorty in weight, force, importance, or influence |
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prosecution |
the governor's attorney, responsible with providing the defendant guilty |
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public defender |
a lawyer appointed or elected by a city or country as a full-time, official defender or represent indigents in criminal cases at public defense |
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resonable doubt |
the level of certainy a juror must have to find a defendant guilty of a crime |
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sentence |
a judge sends you to jail or makes you pay a fine |
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suit |
the formal complaint to the court in a legal action |
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treason |
a crime against the US, part of article III |
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trial |
the examination before a judicial tribunal of the facts put in issue in a cause |
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tribunal |
a court of justice |
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uphold |
to support to defend as against apposition or criticism |
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verdict |
the decsision that the jury makes |
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inferior courts |
courts of lower authority- congress was given this power to check the judicial branch |
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exclusive jurisdiction |
only federal courts may hear and decide cases |
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concurrent jursidiction |
where state and federal courts share jurisdicition |
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district courts |
the federal courts where trials are held and lawsuits are begun |
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magistrate |
issues court orders and hears preliminary evidence in a case to determine whether the case should be brought to trial |
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marshal |
arrest suspects, delivers defendants to court and serves people with subpoena |
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subpoena |
a court order requiring someone to appear in court |
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circuit |
a particular geographical area |
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court-marshall |
a trial before a panel of military officers |
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unconstitutional |
in conflict with the constitution |
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majority opinion |
written by an associate justice who voted with the majority |
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concurring opinion |
a justice who agress with the majority decision but for different reasons |
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dissenting opinon |
written by someone who opposes the majority decsions |
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conclusive |
complete and total |
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Dred Scott vs. Sanford |
Slavery/Freedom, powered people to abolish slavery |
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Plessy vs. Ferguson |
Segregation- seperate but equal- in no violation of the 13th and 14th amendments |
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Brown vs. Board of Education |
establishment for black and white students to learn together |
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Miranda vs. Arizona |
the right to be informed about you constitutional right |
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Marbury vs. Madison |
judicial review |
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Korematsu vs. US |
Japan, Pearl Harbor- Japanese Americans in Intertanment camps all over in Californian desert. us though they would attacl them |
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Tinker vs. Des Moines |
1st amendment freedom of speech- wearing armbands against war |
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Roe vs. Wade |
Abortion |
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NY times vs. US |
Freedom of press, print Pentagon papers |
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Hazelwood vs. Kulheimer |
1st amendment schools have the right to censor their school newspapers |
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Texas vs. Johnson |
1st amendment freedom of expression- Flag burning |
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Amendment 1 |
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly |
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Amendment 2 |
right to bear arms |
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Amendment 3 |
quartering military- may not have citizens house soilders |
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Amendment 4 |
serches and seizures- have to have a resonable cause |
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Amendment 5 |
rights of accused persons- grand jury and double jepoardy |
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Amendment 6 |
Right to a Speedy Trial |
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Amendment 7 |
Civil Siuts |
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Amendment 8 |
Bail and Punishment |
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Amendment 9 |
Powers reserved to the people |
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Amendment 10 |
Powers reserved to the states |
