 | Term | Definition |
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heredity |
the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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genetics |
the study of Heredity |
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genes |
a segment of DNA on a Chromosomes that code specific trait. |
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alleles |
the different forms of a gene |
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dominant allele |
an allele that always shows up |
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recessive allele |
an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present |
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homozygous |
having 2 identical alleles for a trait |
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heterozygous |
having two different alleles for a trait |
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hybrid |
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait |
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probability |
the likelihood that a particular event will occur |
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punnett square |
a chart that shows all of the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross |
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genotype |
an organisms genetic make up |
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phenotype |
an organisms physical apperence. |
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DNA replication |
gives each daughter cell all of the genetic info needed to carry out its activities |
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sex-linked genes |
a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome. |
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Carrier |
a person who has one recessive allele for a trait and one dominant allele, but does not have the trait. |
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Pedigree |
a chart or familly tree that tracks which members of a familly havea particular trait. |
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Genetic disorder |
an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
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cystic fibrosis |
when the body produces abnomally thick mucas in the lungs and intestines. |
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sickle-cell disease |
when the red blood cells dont have enough oxygen causing them to have a abnormal shape causing clots. |
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hemophilia |
when a person blood clots very slowly or not at all. they can bleed to death. |
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Down Sydrome |
when a person is trisomy |
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monosomy |
when you only have 1 chromosome in the 21 chromosome. |
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trisomy |
when you have 3 chromosomes in the 21 chromosome. |
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homeostasis |
the process by which an organism's internal environment stays the stable though changes in external environment. |
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Functions of skeletal system |
provides shape and support to the body, allows you to move, protects your internal organs, provides blood cells and stores needed material. |
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endoskeleton |
an internal skeleton |
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exoskeleton |
an outer skeleton |
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axial skeleton |
the body skeleton |
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appendicular skeleton |
the appendages. |
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homologous structures |
similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor. |
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spongy tissue |
makes the bone stronger |
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compact bone |
hard and dence but not solid |
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bone marrow |
the spaces in the bone contains soft connective tissue called........ |
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periosteum |
connective tissue that surrounds bones |
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cartilage |
a connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and gives support to some parts of the body. |
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Ligament |
holds together the bones in moveable joints. |
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tendons |
attaches muscle to bone |
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Ball and socket |
Located in the sholder blade. 360 degrees |
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Hinge |
Located in the knees and elbows. back and forth |
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gliding |
Located in the wrists and ankles. up,down, side to side |
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pivot |
Located in the neck. side to side, up, down |
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osteoporosis |
when your bones become weak due to mineral loss. |
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muscular system functions |
to move, to eat, to digest food, to breath, to pump blood. |
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atrophy |
the shrinking in size of some part organ of the body. |
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flexibility |
the ability to bend without damage or injury. |
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digestive system functions |
breaks down food into molecules the body can use, they are absored into the blood and carried through out the body, then the wastes are eliminated from the body. |
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enzymes |
a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the bodies of living things. |
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accessory organs |
gall blader, liver, bile,rectum,anus |
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gall blader |
stores bile |
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liver |
creates bile, eliminates nitrogen |
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bile |
breaks down fats |
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rectum |
compreases waste materials into solids. |
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anus |
eliminates waste. |
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peristalsis |
involuntary waves of muscle contractions that keep food moving a long one direction through the digestive system. |
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gastric mucosa |
moist lining of the stomach. they are glands that release hydrochroic acid, mucus and pepoin |
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villi |
tiny finger shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is abborbed. |
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amylase |
an enzyme in the mouth that breaks down sugars. |
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lipase |
fat reducing enzyme |
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trypsin |
enzyme in the Pancreas that breaks down proteins. |
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carbohydrates |
energy-rich organic compounds such as sugars and starches |
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lipids |
energy-rich organic compounds like fats, oils, wastes. |
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proteins |
large organic molecules; needed for tissue growth and repair; play a part in chemical reactions within cells. |
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Benedicts solution |
solution to test for glucose. |
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Circulatory System purpose |
carries needed materials to the body cells; carries wastes away from the body cells; helps fight disease. |
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Arteries |
takes blood away from the heart |
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Capillaries |
where the blood enters |
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Veins |
carries blood to the heart. |
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pulse rate |
the amount of times the heart beats in a minute |
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pacemaker |
controls the beating of the heart |
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dorsal |
the back |
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ventral |
the belly |
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posterior |
the behind |
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anterior |
the front of the body |
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medial |
in the middle |
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lateral |
on the side |
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typanium |
ear drum |
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coloration |
coloring of an oraganism |
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nictating membrane |
invisable eye lid |
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Respiratory system function |
get oxygen though out the body |
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organs |
a structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue |
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trachea |
wind pipe |
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bronchi |
the passages thst direct air into the lungs |
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lungs |
the main organ of the respiratory system |
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alveoli |
tiny sacs of lung tissue specalized for the movement of gases between air and blood. |
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diaphragm |
a large dome shaped muslce that plays an important role in breathing |
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air in |
diaphram moves down. pressure decreased due to volume increasing. |
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air out |
diapragh moves up. pressure increases due to volume decreacing. |
