| Term | Definition |
|
pounds of cotton per slave |
250 |
|
starting age for children in cotton fields |
9 |
|
Cotton Gin |
increased amount of cotton a slave could produce |
|
Emancipation Proclamation |
issued by Lincoln in 1863, freed slaves in Confederacy, signalled change in Union's war goals |
|
Missouri Compromise |
1820, Maine admitted as free state, Missouri as slave state, established 36, 30 line for all lands in Louisiana purchase |
|
Compromise of 1850 |
California as free state, popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession, end of slave trade in DC, fugitive slave law |
|
Kansas-Nebraska Act |
popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska territory |
|
Harriet Beecher Stowe |
author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
|
Uncle Tom's Cabin |
novel published in 1852 that increased abolitionist movement, angered southerners and gave northerners a greater understanding of the brutality of slavery |
|
John Brown |
abolitionist martyr, hanged after failed raid on Harper's Ferry |
|
Dred Scott Case |
Supreme Court case which ruled that slaves are not citizens but are property, affirmed that property cannot be interfered with by Congress, slaves do not become free if they travel to free territories or states, fueled abolitionist movement, hailed as victory for the south |
|
Fugitive Slave Law |
1850 law made it illegal to help runaway slaves |
|
Lincoln Douglas Debates |
1858 Senate Debate, Lincoln forced Douglas to debate issue of slavery, Douglas supported pop-sovereignty, Lincoln asserted that slavery should not spread to territories, Lincoln emerged as strong Republican candidate |
|
Election of 1860 |
Lincoln wins election without winning any Southern states |
|
Fort Sumter |
First shots of Civil War, Confederates fired upon Federal fort, fort surrenders, war begins |
|
Bull Run |
1st real battle, Confederate victory, Washingtonian spectators gather to watch battle, Gen. Jackson stands as Stonewall and turns tide of battle in favor of Confederates, realization that war is not going to be quick and easy for either side |
|
Jefferson Davis |
president of Confederacy |
|
total war |
strategy of destorying anything that will help the enemy, used by Grant to help Union win |
|
Gettysburg |
July 1-3, 1863, turning point in war, Union victory, most deadly battle |
|
Gettysburg Address |
Speech given by Lincoln in November, 1863 to honor dead and reaffirm Declaration of Independence Ideals |
|
Free Soil Party |
anti-slavery poltical party |
|
William Tecumseh Sherman |
Union General who destroyed South during "march to the sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, example of total war |
|
Ulysses S. Grant |
Union commander who employed total war tactic |
|
Appomattox Courthouse |
site of Confederate surrender |
|
Northern Advantages |
industrial economy, control of infrastructure,large population, control of navy |
|
Southern Advantages |
knowledge of land, fighting to protect lifestyle, better trained soldiers,strong military leaders |
|
Total number of casualites |
approx. 600,000 |
|
Number of states who seceded |
11 |
|
1st state to secede |
South Carolina |
|
Lincoln's initial goal for war |
to preserve Union |