 | Term | Definition |
| |
Mayer |
German scientist who demonstrated that the disease was contagious and was an unusually small bacterium that could not be seen with a microscope. |
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Ivanowsky |
Russian scientist who proposed that TMD was caused by a bacterium that was either too small to be trapped by a filter or that produced a filterable toxin. |
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Beijerinck |
Dutch microbiologist who proposed that TMD was caused by a reproducing particle much smaller and simpler than a bacterium. He noted that unlike bacteria, the pathogen reproduced only within the host it infected; it could not be cultured on media; and it could not be killed by alcohol. He gave it the name "virus." |
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Stanley |
American biologist who crystallized the infectious particle now known as tobacco mosaic virus. |
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capsid |
The protein coat of a virus |
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obligate intracellular parasite |
The technical name for a virus |
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lytic |
Viral cycle in which the virus infects a cell, takes over its functions, reproduces itself, and then leaves the cell, destroying it. |
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lysogenic |
Viral cycle in which the virus's genetic material becomes incorporated into the host cell's DNA and reproduces with the host cell. |
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parasite |
An organism that takes nourishment from and exists at the expense of its host |
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bacteriophage |
A virus that only infects bacteria |
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retrovirus |
A type of virus that contains RNA and an enzyme to transcribe the RNA into DNA |
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reverse transcriptase |
An enzyme that transcribes RNA into DNA |
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vaccine |
A medical weapon used to fight viruses by building immunity |
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Jenner |
Developed the first vaccine |
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acyclovir |
An antiviral drug |
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emerging virus |
A virus that makes an apparent sudden appearance |
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hantavirus |
A virus that traveled from deer mice to humans in New Mexico |
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papovavirus |
A virus that can lead to cervical cancer |
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Hepatitis B |
A virus that can lead to liver cancer |
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ubiquitous |
Prokaryotes are ____________ meaning everywhere |
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peptidoglycan |
Sugars cross-linked with polypeptides |
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cocci |
Spherical bacteria |
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bacilli |
Rod shaped bacteria |
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spirilla |
Spiral, helical, or spirochete shaped bacteria |
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pili |
Appendages that allow bacteria to attach to each other and to transfer DNA |
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capsule |
a sticky, gelatinous substance around the cell wall; allows cells to stick together or to the host cell |
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Gram Stain |
stain used to distinguish bacteria by structural difference in cell wall |
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gram + |
thick cell walls, stained blue or purple |
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gram - |
thin peptidoglycan walls, stained pink or red, lipid membrane |
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flagella |
whip-like structure used for motility |
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filaments |
structures that help cells rotate like a corkscrew |
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plasmid |
a smaller ring of DNA exchanged between bacteria to share antibiotic resistance or metabolism |
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endospore |
a bacterium in stasis |
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direct attack |
bacteria attack cells and tissues directly |
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Giardia lamblia |
protist found in water, causes diarrhea and abdominal cramps |
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Plasmodium |
causes malaria |
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viroids |
virus-like particles, only single stranded RNA, no surrounding capsids |
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prions |
virus-like particles, only protein, NO DNA OR RNA |
