 | Term | Definition |
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Observations |
a personal experience as seen through one of the senses, influenced by background knowledge and personal experiences |
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qualitative observations |
personal experience through senses |
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quantitative observations |
exact measurement observations |
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classifying |
arranging objects in groups or classes |
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infrences |
statement that interprets an observation |
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measuring |
making a quantitative observation by comparing to a standard |
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prediciting |
making a forecast of future events |
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recording data |
collecting bits of infor about objects and events |
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interpreting data |
analyzing data that has been obtained by making observations |
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density |
amount of mass in a given volume |
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altitude |
distance measured above sea level |
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air pressure |
push of air on all surfaces in different directions |
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warm air |
less air pressure, presses lightly, more moisture, molecules spread apart |
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cold air |
presses down hard, molecules close |
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warm air masses |
low air pressure |
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cold air masses |
high air pressure |
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low air pressure |
cloudy, or rain |
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high air pressure |
fair clear cold |
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barometer |
measures air pressure |
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aneroid barometer |
no liquid |
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mercury barometer |
uses a liquid |
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properties of air |
has mass has density has pressure, 14.7 lbs per square inch at sea level |
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weather |
state of air and atmosphere |
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atmosphere |
envolope of air surrounding earth, 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% other gasses |
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troposhere |
all weather takes place, only layer of atmosphere with life |
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stratosphere |
contains ozone (2nd layer) |
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ionosphere |
mesosphere and thermosphere, 3rd layer |
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exosphere |
outermost layer |
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conduction |
direct transfer of heat from 1 substance to another (touching) |
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convection |
transfer of heat by movement of a fluid, hot air |
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radiation |
direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves |
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temperature |
average amount of energy of motion in the molecules of a substance |
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thermometer |
used to measure temperature |
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heat |
energy transferred from a hotter object to a cooler one |
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thermal energy |
total energy of motion in the molecules of a substance |
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humidity |
amount of water vapor in air |
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relative humidity |
the percent of water vapor in the air compared with the maximum |
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psychrometer |
wet and dry bulb thermometer used to measure relative humidity |
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condensation |
water vapor in the air becomes liquid |
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dew point |
temperature at which condensation begins |
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evaporation |
water changes to water vapor- liquid to gas |
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precipitation |
water returns to earth's surface |
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clouds |
water vapor condensates and attaches to a particle of dust |
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types of clouds |
stratus nimbostratus cirrus cumilonimbus cumulus fog |
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lightening |
sudden discharge of electrical energy |
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cumulonimbus cloud |
tornadoes form |
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isobars |
connect same air pressure |
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isotherms |
connect same temperature |
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storm |
violent disturbance in atmosphere |
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tornado |
rapidly whirling funnel shaped cloud |
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hurricane |
tropical storm with winds of 76 mph or higher |
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storm surge |
dome of water |
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evacuate |
move away temporarily |
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front |
air masses meet and do not mix |
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cold front |
cold air under warm air |
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warm front |
warm over cold air |
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stationary front |
cold and warm don't mix |
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occluded front |
warm air between two cold-cut off from ground |
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maritime |
on the water (wet) |
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continental |
on land (dry) |
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polar |
polar bear (cold) |
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tropical |
tropics (warm) |
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the big bang |
all mater in the universe together, exploded, constantly expanding |
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nebula |
large cloud of dust and gas in space |
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galaxy |
rotating groups of billions of stars |
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clusters |
groups of stars close together |
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astronomer |
one who studies space and many things in it |
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asteroids |
small planets revolving around sun between mercury and jupiter |
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metorites |
meteor fragments that reach the ground |
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atmosphere |
gaseous envelope surrounding a heavenly body |
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core |
innermost part |
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diameter |
straight line passing from one side through the center of an object |
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lunar |
relating to the moon |
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phases |
aparent shape of the moon at any time during its illuminations |
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waxing |
to increase in apparent size |
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waning |
to grow gradually smaller in apparent size |
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illumination |
supplying with light |
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new moon |
none of the disc illuminated |
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full moon |
whole disc illuminated |
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crescent |
moon between first quarter and new moon |
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gibbous |
moon seen with one half but not all of its apparent disc illuminated |
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first quarter |
a waxing moon with exactly one half of its apparent disc illuminated |
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last quarter |
a waning moon with exactly one half of its apparent disc illuminated |
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the moon is always |
right |
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universe |
space matter and all the energy in it |
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revolution |
action of a heavenly body in going round an orbit |
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ellipse |
closed curve of an oval shape |
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hemisphere |
one of two halves of a sphere |
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attraction |
force acting both ways between particles of matter and drawing them together |
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rotate |
to turn around an axis |
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axis |
straight line about which a geometric figure rotates |
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duration |
time which anything lasts |
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solar |
relating to the sun |
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velocity |
speed at which things move |
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space |
all the area beyond earths atmosphere |
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spectrum |
colors of the sun |
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red shift in spectra |
star is moving away from earth |
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blue shift in spectra |
star is moving towards earth |
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pulsar theory |
universe will stop expanding, shrink and start over |
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nebula |
protostar, birth of a star |
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fusion |
compination of the nucleii of two atoms to form the necleus of a different atom (our sun) creates its own energy |
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red giant |
very large red star, very little energy produced |
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white dwarf |
stored energy, size of earth, dying |
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black dwarf |
small, cold, dense star (DEAD) |
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supernova |
very large exploding star (leaves behind a nebula) |
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nova |
a star that bursts into brightness then fades |
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pulsar |
a neutron star that spins and gives of radio waves that blink |
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neutron star |
very small, dense star, left of a supernova |
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black hole |
star with such a strong gravity field so strong, nothing can escape (supernova implodes) |
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matter |
has mass takes up space |
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mass |
measure of the amount of matter in an object |
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atoms |
smallest particle of an element |
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solid |
molecules are close together |
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liquid |
molecules are spread apart |
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gas |
molecules are far apart |
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weight |
measure of earths pull of gravity on an object |
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density |
mass of a certain volume of a substanece (how much matter) |
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volume |
space occupied |
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volume= |
length times width times hight |
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chemistry |
science that deals with matter |
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alchomy |
earliest forms of chemistry |
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chemist |
scientists who study matter |
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neucleus |
central part of an atom |
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proton |
particle found in the neucleus of an atom (+) |
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neutron |
particles they move around the neclues of an atom (neutral) |
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electron |
particles outisde the neucles (-) |
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aspects of matter |
composition, structure, properties, reactions, changes |
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robert boyle |
first real chemist |
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jon berzelius |
introduced system of abbrieviations for elements |
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john dahan |
thought each element was made of a different kind of atom |
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for every negative there must be a |
positive |
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atomic number |
tells you number protons in neucleus |
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atomic mass |
total number of particles in neucleus |
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neutrons |
to find the number of neutrons, subtract protons from the atomic mass |
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electrons |
for every positive, there must be a negative |
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evaporation |
change in state (liquid to a gas) |
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melt |
solid to liquid |
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freezing |
liquid to solid |
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condensation |
gas to liquid |
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soluble |
capable of being disolved in a liqud |
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dissolve |
pass into solution |
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mixture |
two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined |
