 | Term | Definition |
| |
gamete |
mature germ cell (sprm or ovum) |
| |
ovulation |
expulsion of a mature ovum from an ovary |
| |
fertilization |
beginning of pregnancy, whenthe sperm enters the ovum |
| |
zygote |
cell formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum |
| |
embryo |
unborn offspring in the state of development from implantation of the zygot to the end of the second month |
| |
fetus |
unborn offspring from the beginning of the third month until birth |
| |
gestation/ pregnancy |
development of a new individual from conception to birth |
| |
gestation period |
duration of pregnancy |
| |
implantation,/nidation |
embedding of the zygote in the uterine lining. Begins about 7 days after fertilization |
| |
placenta |
structure that grows on the wall of the uterus during pregnancy and allows for nourishment of the child |
| |
amniotic sac |
membranous bag that surrounds the fetus before delivery |
| |
chorion |
outermost layer of the fetal membrane |
| |
amnion |
innermost layer of the fetal membrane |
| |
amniotic fluid |
fluid within the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus |
| |
amni/o |
anmnion, amniotic fluid |
| |
amnion/o |
amnion/amniotic fluid |
| |
chori/o |
chorion |
| |
embry/o |
embryo, to be full |
| |
fet/o or fet/i |
fetus |
| |
gravid/o |
pregnancy |
| |
lact/o |
milk |
| |
nat/o |
birth |
| |
omphal/o |
umbilicus, naval |
| |
par/o |
labor, childbirth, bear |
| |
part/o |
labor, childbirth, bear |
| |
puerper/o |
childbirth |
| |
cephal/o |
head |
| |
esophag/o |
esophagus |
| |
pelv/i, pelv/o |
pelvic bone, pelvis |
| |
prim/i |
first |
| |
pseud/o |
false |
| |
pylor/o |
pylorus |
| |
ante- |
before |
| |
pre- |
before |
| |
micro- |
small |
| |
multi- |
many |
| |
nulli- |
none |
| |
post- |
after |
| |
-amnios |
amnion, amniotic fluid |
| |
-cyesis |
pregnancy (suffix) |
| |
-e/-is/-um/-us |
no meaning |
| |
-partum |
childbirth, labor |
| |
-rrhexis |
rupture |
| |
-tocia |
birth, labor (suffix) |
| |
amnionitis |
inflammation of the amnion |
| |
chorioamnionitis |
inflammation of the chorion and amnion |
| |
choriocarcinoma |
cancerous tumor of the chorion |
| |
dystocia |
difficult labor |
| |
embryotocia |
birth of an embryo (abortion) |
| |
hysterorrhexis |
rupture of the uterus |
| |
oligohydramnios |
scanty amnion water |
| |
polyhydramnios |
much amnion water |
| |
salpingocyesis |
pregancy occurring in the fallopian tube |
| |
abortion |
termination of pregnancy by the expulsion from the uterus of an embryo before fetal viability |
| |
abruptio placentae |
premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall |
| |
eclampsia |
severe complication and progression of preeclampsia characterized by convulsion and coma |
| |
ectopic pregnancy |
pregnancy occurring outside the uterus, commonly in the fallopian tubes |
| |
placenta previa |
abnormally low implantation of the placenta on the uterine wall |
| |
preeclampsia |
abnormal condition encountered during pregnancy or shortly after delivery characterized by high BP, edema and proteinuria |
| |
microcephalus |
very small head in fetus |
| |
omphalitis |
inflammation of the umbilicus |
| |
omphalocele |
herniation at the umbilicus |
| |
pyloric stenosis |
narrowing pertaining to the pyloric sphincter |
| |
tracheoesophageal fistula |
abnormal passageway pertaining to the esophagus and the trachea |
| |
cleft lip and palate |
congential split of the lip and roof of the mouth |
| |
Down syndrome |
congential condition characterized by varying degrees of mental retardation |
| |
erythroblastosisfetalis |
condition of the newborn characterized by hemolysis of the erythrocytes. caused by incompatibility of mother-fetus Rh factor |
| |
esophageal atresia |
congential absence of part of the esophagus |
| |
gastrochisis |
congential fissure of the abdominal wall not at the umbilicus. Enterocele usually present |
| |
respiratory distress syndrome |
respiratory complication in the newborn, especially premature infants |
| |
spina bifida |
congenital defect in the verebral column caused by the failure of the vertebral arch to close |
| |
amniotomy |
incision into the amnion (to induce labor) |
| |
episiotomy |
incision of the vulva (perineum) to prevent tearing during delivery |
| |
pelvic sonography |
process of recording sound in the pelvis to evaluate fetus and pregnancy |
| |
amniocentesis |
surgical puncture to aspirate amniotic fluid to be used for assessment of fetal health and maturity |
| |
amnioscope |
instrument used for visual examination of the amniotic fluid and fetus |
| |
amnioscopy |
visual examination of anmiotic fluid and the fetus |
| |
amniochorial |
pertaining to the amnion and chorion |
| |
amniorrhea |
discharge of amniotic fluid |
| |
amniorrhexis |
rupture of the amnion |
| |
antepartum |
before childbirth (reference to mother) |
| |
embryogenic |
producing an embryo |
| |
embryoid |
resembling an embryo |
| |
fetal |
pertaining to the fetus |
| |
gravida |
pregnant (woman) |
| |
gravidopuerperal |
pertaining to pregnancy and the childbirth (from delivery until reproductive organs return to normal |
| |
intrapartum |
during labor and childbirth |
| |
lactic |
pertaining to mil |
| |
lactogenic |
producing milk |
| |
lactorrhea |
discharge of milk |
| |
multigravida |
many pregnancies (2 or more) |
| |
multipara |
many births (2 or more viable offspring) |
| |
natal |
pertaining to birth of baby |
| |
neonate |
new birth (infant from birth to 4 weeks) |
| |
neonatologist |
physician who studies and treats disorders in the newborn |
| |
neonatalogy |
study of the newborn |
| |
nulligravida |
no pregnancies |
| |
nullipara |
no births |
| |
para |
birth (woman who has given birth to a viable offspring) |
| |
postnatal |
pertaining to afte birth (referring to newborn) |
| |
postpartum |
after childbirth (referring to mother) |
| |
prenatal |
pretaining to before birth (referring to newborn) |
| |
primigravida |
first pregnancy |
| |
primipara |
first birth (one viable offspring) |
| |
pseudocyesis |
false pregnancy |
| |
puerpera |
childbirth (woman who has just given birth) |
| |
puerperal |
pertaining to immediately after childbirth |
| |
breech presentation |
parturition in which the buttocks, feet, or knees emerge first |
| |
cesarean section |
birth of a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and uterus |
| |
congenital anomaly |
abnormality present at birth |
| |
lochia |
vaginal dishcarge after childbirth |
| |
meconium |
first stool of the newborn |
| |
obstetrician |
physician who specializes in obstetrics |
| |
obstetrics |
medical specialty dealing with pregnancy, childbirth, and perperium |
| |
parturition |
act of giving birth |
| |
premature infant |
infant born before completing 37 weeks of gestation |
| |
puerperium |
period from delivery until the reproducitve organs return to normal |
| |
heart |
muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body |
| |
tricuspid valve |
located between the right atrium and right ventricle |
| |
bicuspid valve |
located between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| |
semilunar valves |
located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| |
pericardium |
two-layer sac covering the heart |
| |
pericardial fluid |
allows the layers of the heart to move without friction |
| |
visceral pericardium |
lies closest to the myocardium |
| |
epicardium/parietal percardium |
lines the pericardial sac |
| |
myocardium |
middle, thick muscular layer of the heart |
| |
endocardium |
inner lining of the heart |
| |
blood vessels |
carry blood throughout the body |
| |
arteries |
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| |
arterioles |
smallest arteries |
| |
aorta |
largest artery, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen |
| |
veins |
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| |
venules |
smallest veins |
| |
venae cavae |
largest veins in the body |
| |
capillaries |
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules |
| |
blood |
composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes (platelets) |
| |
plasma |
liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended |
| |
platelets/thrombocytes |
responsible for aiding in the clotting process of blood |
| |
lymph |
transparent tissue fluid |
| |
lymph nodes |
small, spherical bodies made of lymphoid tissue. Act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood |
| |
spleen |
largest lymphatic organ in the body |
| |
thymus gland |
plays important role in the development of the body's immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty, at which is atrophies and loses function |
| |
angi/o |
vessel |
| |
aort/o |
aorta |
| |
arteri/o |
artery |
| |
atri/o |
atrium |
| |
cardi/o |
heart |
| |
lymph/o |
lymph, lymph gland |
| |
phleb/o, ven/o |
vein |
| |
plasm/o |
plasma |
| |
splen/o |
spleen |
| |
thym/o |
thymus gland |
| |
valv/o, valvul/o |
valve |
| |
ventricul/o |
ventricle |
| |
ather/o |
yellowish, fatty plaque |
| |
ech/o |
sound |
| |
electr/o |
electricy, electrical activity |
| |
isch/o |
deficiency, blockage |
| |
therm/o |
heat |
| |
thromb/o |
clot |
| |
brady- |
slow |
| |
tachy- |
fast, rapid |
| |
-ac |
pertaining to |
| |
-apheresis |
removal |
| |
-crit |
to separate |
| |
-graph |
instrument used to record |
| |
-odynia |
pain |
| |
-penia |
abnormal reduction in number |
| |
-poiesis |
formation |
| |
-sclerosis |
hardening |
| |
angiocarditis |
inflammation of the blood vessels and heart |
| |
angioma |
tumor composed of blood vessels |
| |
angiospasm |
(contraction) of the blood vessels |
| |
angiostenosis |
narrowing of a blood vessel |
| |
aortic stenosis |
narrowing pertaining to aorta (valve) |
| |
arteriorrhexis |
rupture of an artery |
| |
arteriosclerosis |
hardening of the arteries |
| |
bradycardia |
condition of a slow heart beat |
| |
cardiodynia |
pain in the heart |
| |
cardiomegaly |
enlargement of the heart |
| |
cardiomyopathy |
disease of the heart muscle |
| |
cardiovalvulitis |
inflammation of the valves of the heart |
| |
endocarditis |
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
| |
ischemia |
deficiency of blood flow |
| |
myocarditis |
inflammation of the muscle of the heart |
| |
pericarditis |
inflammation of the outer sac of the heart |
| |
phlebitis |
inflammation of the vein |
| |
polyarteritis |
inflammation of many sites in the arteries |
| |
tachycardia |
abnormal state of rapid heart |
| |
thrombophlebitis |
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot |
| |
hematocytopenia |
anbormal reduction in the number of blood cells |
| |
hematoma |
tumor of blood (mass of blood) |
| |
lymphadenitis |
inflammation of the lymph glands |
| |
lymphadenopathy |
disease of teh lymph glands |
| |
lymphoma |
tumor of lymphatic tissue (malignant) |
| |
pancytopenia |
abnormal reduction of all blood cells |
| |
splenomegaly |
enlargement of the spleen |
| |
thrombosis |
abnormal condition of a blood clot |
| |
thrombus |
blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein |
| |
thymoma |
tumor of the thymus gland |
| |
actue coronary syndrom |
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart |
| |
anemia |
reduction in the amount of hemoglobin in the red blood cells |
| |
aneurysm |
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall |
| |
angina pectoris |
chest pain that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle |
| |
cardiac arrest |
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR |
| |
cardiac tamponade |
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity |
| |
coarctation of the aorta |
congential cardiac conditoin characterized by a narrowing of the aorta |
| |
congenital heart disease |
heart abnormality present at birth |
| |
congestive heart failure |
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs |
| |
coronary occlusion |
obstruction of an artery of the heart |
| |
deep vein thrombosis |
condition of thrmobosis in a deep vein of the body (mostly lower body) |
| |
dysrhythmia |
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart's normal rhythmic pattern |
| |
embolus |
blood clot or foreign material that enters the bloodstream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation |
| |
fibrillation |
rapid, quivering, noncoordintaed contractions of the atria or ventricles |
| |
hemochromatosis |
an iron metabolism disorder that occurs when too much iron is absormbed from food, resulting in excessive deposits of iron in the tissue |
| |
hemophilia |
inherited bleeding disease |
| |
hemorrhoid |
varicose vein in the rectal area |
| |
Hodgekin disease |
malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes |
| |
hypertensive heart disease |
disorder of the heart brought about by persistent high blood pressure |
| |
intermittent claudication |
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking |
| |
leukemia |
malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal white blood cells formed to the bone marrow |
| |
mitral valve stenosis |
narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever |
| |
myocardial infarction |
death of a portion of the mycardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from interrupted blood supply |
| |
peripheral arterial disease |
disease of the arteries that affects blood circulation |
| |
rheumatic fever |
an inflammatory disease |
| |
rheumatic heart disease |
damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by rheumatic fever |
| |
sickle cell anemia |
hereditary, chronic hemolytic disease characterized by crescent- or sickle-shaped red blood cells |
| |
varicose veins |
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities |
| |
angioplasty |
surgical repair of a blood vessel |
| |
angiorrhaphy |
sutruing of a blood vessel |
| |
atherectomy |
excision of fatty plaque |
| |
endarterectomy |
excision within the artery (excision of plaque from the arterial wall) |
| |
pericardiocentesis |
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from within the pericardium |
| |
phlebectomy |
excision of a vein |
| |
phlebotomy |
incision into a vein |
| |
splenectomy |
excision of the spleen |
| |
splenopexy |
surgical fixation of the spleen |
| |
thymectomy |
excision of the thymus gland |
| |
aneurysmectomy |
surgical excision of an aneurysm |
| |
bone marrow transplant |
infusion of normal bone marrow cells from a donor |
| |
cardiac pacemaker |
apparatus implanted under the skin to regulate the heart rate |
| |
coronary artery bypass graft |
surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries |
| |
coronary stent |
supprotive scaffold device implanted in the coronary arteryto prevent closure of artery after angioplasty or atherectomy |
| |
defibrillatoin |
application of an electric shock to the myocardium throug the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm |
| |
embolectomy |
excision of an embolus or clot |
| |
femoropopliteal bypass |
surgery to establish an alternate route from femoral artery to popliteal artery to bypass an obstruction |
| |
hemorrhoidectomy |
excisoin of hemorrhoids |
| |
implantable cardiac defibrillator |
device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm |
| |
intracoronary thrombolytic therapy |
injection of an intravenous medication to dissolve blood clots in coronary vessels |
| |
laser angioplasty |
use of laser beam to open blocked arteries |
| |
mitral commissurotomy |
surgical procedure to repair a stenosed mitral valve by breaking apart the leaves of the valve |
| |
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed |
| |
angiography |
x-ray imaging of a blood vessel |
| |
angioscope |
instrument used for visual examination of a blood vessel |
| |
angioscopy |
visual exam of a blood vessel |
| |
aortogram |
x-ray image of an artery |
| |
venogram |
x-ray image of avein |
| |
venography |
x-ray imaging of a vein |
| |
echocardiogram |
record of the structure and motion of the heart using sound |
| |
electrocardiogram |
record of teh elctrical activity of the heart |
| |
electrocardiograph |
instrument used to record the elctrical activity of the heart |
| |
electrocardiography |
process of recording the electrical activity of the heart |
| |
erythrocyte count |
red bell count |
| |
hematocrit |
separated blood (volume percentage of erythrocytes in whole blood after separation by centrifuge |
| |
leukocyte count |
wihte cell count |
| |
lymphangiography |
x-ray imaging of the lymphatic vessels |
| |
digital subtraction angiography |
process of digital x-ray imagin of the blood vessels that removes structures not being studied |
| |
Doppler ultrasound |
study that uses sound for detection of blood flow within the vessels |
| |
exercise stress test |
study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress |
| |
single-photon emission computed tomography |
nuclear medicine scan that visualizes the heart from several different angles |
| |
thallium test |
nuclear medicine test used to diagnose coronary artery disease and assess revascularization after CABG |
| |
transesophageal echocardiogram |
ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus |
| |
cardiac catheterization |
examination to determine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels by passing a catheter into the heart |
| |
impedance plethysmography |
measures venous flow of the extremities with a plethysmograph to detect clots by measuring changes in blood volume and resistance |
| |
sphygmomanometer |
device used for measuring blood pressure |
| |
stethoscope |
instrument used to hear sounds produced by heart, lungs, and bowels |
| |
coagulation time |
blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot |
| |
complete blood count |
basic blood screening |
| |
hemoglobin |
blood test used to determine the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells |
| |
prothrombin time |
blood test used to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin |
| |
bone marrow biopsy |
needle puncture to remove bone marrrow for study |
| |
atrioventricular |
pertaining to the atrium and ventricle |
| |
cardiac |
pertaining to the heart |
| |
cardiogenic |
orginating in the heart |
| |
cardiologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the heart |
| |
cardiology |
study of the heart |
| |
hematologist |
physician who studies and treats diseases of the blood |
| |
hematology |
stody of teh blood |
| |
hematopoiesis |
formation of blood cells |
| |
hemolysis |
dissolution of red blood cells |
| |
hemostasis |
stoppage of bleeding |
| |
hypothermia |
condition of body temperature that is below |
| |
intravenous |
pertaining to wihtin the vein |
| |
plasmapheresis |
removal of plasma |
| |
tachypnea |
rapid breathing |
| |
thrombolysis |
dissolution of a clot |
| |
auscultation |
hearing sounds within the body through a stethoscope |
| |
blood pressure |
pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls |
| |
cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
emergency procedure consisting of artifical ventilation and external cardiac massage |
| |
diastole |
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles relax betwee contraction |
| |
extracorporeal |
occurring outside the body |
| |
extravasation |
excape of blood from the blood vessel into the tissue |
| |
heart murmur |
short-duration humming sound of cardiac or vascular orgin |
| |
hypertension |
blood pressure that is above normal |
| |
hypotension |
blood pressure that is below normal |
| |
lumen |
space wihtin a tubular part of organ, such as the space within a blood vessel |
| |
occlude |
to close tightly, to block |
| |
percussion |
tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of teh part beneath |
| |
systole |
phase in the cardiac cycle in which the ventricles contract |
| |
vasoconstrictor |
agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels |
| |
vasodilator |
agent or nerve that widens the blood vessels |
| |
venipuncture |
puncture of a vein |
| |
anticoagulant |
agent that slows the clotting process |
| |
dyscrasia |
abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood |
| |
hemorrhage |
rapid flow of blood |
| |
plasma |
liquid portion of the blood in which elements or cells are supsended and that contains some of the clotting factors |
| |
serum |
liquid portion of the blood without the clotting factors |
| |
mouth |
opening through which food passes into the body |
| |
palate |
separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
| |
soft palate |
posterior portion of palate not supported by bone |
| |
hard palate |
anterior portion, supported by bone |
| |
uvula |
soft v-shaped mass that extends from the soft palate |
| |
pharynx |
performs swalling action |
| |
esphagus |
tube that extends from pharynx to stomach |
| |
cardia |
area of the stomach around the opening of the esophagus |
| |
fundus |
uppermost domed portion of the stomach |
| |
body |
central portion of the stomach |
| |
pylorus |
lower part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
| |
antrum |
portion of the pylorus that connects to the body of the stomach |
| |
pyloric sphincter |
ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
| |
small intestine |
20 ft canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine |
| |
duodenum |
first 10-12 inches of the small intestine |
| |
jejunum |
second portion of the small intestine |
| |
ileum |
third portion of the small intestine |
| |
large intestine |
canal that extends from the ileum to the anus |
| |
cecum |
clind u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
| |
colon |
2nd portion of the large intestine, divided into four parts |
| |
rectum |
extends from sigmoid colon to anus |
| |
anus |
sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract |
| |
salivary glands |
produce saliva |
| |
liver |
produces bile and performs functions concerned with digestion and metabolism |
| |
bile ducts |
passageways that carry bile |
| |
gallbladder |
small, saclike structure that stores bile |
| |
pancreas |
produces pancreatic juice |
| |
peritoneum |
serous sac lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| |
appendix |
small pouch with no function |
| |
abdomen |
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
| |
antr/o |
antrum |
| |
an/o |
anus |
| |
cec/o |
cecum |
| |
col/o, colon/o |
colon |
| |
duoden/o |
duodenum |
| |
enter/o |
intestine (usually small) |
| |
esophag/o |
esophagus |
| |
gastr/o |
stomach |
| |
ile/o |
ileum |
