 | Term | Definition |
| |
mitochondria |
sausage shaped organelles that serve as the "power plants" of a cell, breaking down carbohydrates and other compounds and using the energy released to form ATP |
| |
centriole |
the two bundles of microtubules near the center of an animal or human cell that serve as the foundation of the cell's cytoskeleton |
| |
Golgi Complex/Apparatus |
organelles in a cell that consists of a group of flattened membrane-enclosed compartments that serve to receive proteins manufactured in the rough ER, package them and ship them to their final destination |
| |
lysosome |
an organelle of a cell, considered a special type of vesicle, that functions to break down proteins for recycling; can also be used to attack bacteria that invade body cells |
| |
vacuole |
a membranous sac or storage space in a cell |
| |
cell wall |
the rigid or semirigid outer wall of a plant cell, composed primarily of cellulose stiffened by lignin and located outside the cell membrane |
| |
flagella |
a large, movable whiplike tail that extends from a cell and is used for propulsion; characteristic of euglenas, dinoflagellates, and sperm cells |
| |
cilia |
hairlike projections from the cell membrane of some cells, consisting of bundles of microtubules and motor proteins encased in a flexible membrane |
| |
chloroplast |
a complex organelle in green plant cells in which photosynthesis occurs |
| |
endoplasmic reticulum (smooth and rough) |
a system of densely folded membranes that attaches to the outside of a cell's nucleus and extends throughout the cell |
| |
microtubule |
hollow rod-like girders composed of a protein called tubulin; make up cytoskeleton |
| |
cytoskeleton |
intricate internal skeleton; helps the cell maintain its shape; mostly composed of microtubules |
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ribosome |
the protein factories of the cell |
| |
nucleolus |
embedded in the nucleus, distinct region; manufactures ribosomes (the protein factories of the cell.) |
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nuclear envelope |
a double membrane with a narrow water-filled space between the layers |
| |
chromatin/chromosomes |
the DNA and the proteins associated with it which fill the bulk of the nucleus |
| |
nuclear pore |
serve as "gates" regulating the transport of large molecules into and out of the nucleus |
| |
cell membrane |
the outer boundary layer that separates the cell from its environment and controls what enters and leaves the cell |
| |
nucleus |
spherical body often located near the center of the cell; contains genetic code and acts as the central command center for the cell |
| |
cytoplasm |
serves as the fluid medium for the many molecules and organelles the cell contains; jelly-like fluid; serves as the fluid medium of the cell |
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