 | Term | Definition |
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armada |
war fleet |
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Spanish Armada |
mightiest naval force the world had ever seen, yet English ships that were smaller and swifter won the battle |
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King Philip the Second |
ruled Spain from 1556-1598 |
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Sir Francis Drake |
English adventurer who attacked Spanish ships and ports |
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Queen Elizabeth |
Protestant |
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Sir Humphrey Gilbert |
claimed Newfoundland for Queen Elizabeth in 1583 |
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Sir Walter Raleigh |
Queen Elizabeth gave him the right to claim land in North America. He also sent an expedition to find a good place to settle. His scouts found Roanoke Island. |
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Roanoke Island |
off the coast of present-day North Carolina |
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John White |
a mapmaker and artist who led the group to Roanoke |
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Virginia Dare |
first English child to be born in North America |
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Croatoan |
only clue to the fate of settlers who disappeared from Roanoke |
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Charters |
the right to organize settlements in an area, from King James the First |
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joint-stock company |
Ex: Virginia Company. Investors bought stock or part ownership in the company in return for a share of its future profits |
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April 1607 |
Jamestown was established |
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Jamestown |
first successful colony |
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Captain John Smith |
an experienced soldier and explorer who led Jamestown |
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"the starving time" |
it's what the colony called the winter of 1609-1610 |
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John Rolfe |
learned to grow a type of tobacco using seeds from the West Indies. Also he married Pocahontas |
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Pocahontas |
daughter of Chief Powhatan |
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headright |
a land grant of 50 acres to those who paid their own way |
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burgesses |
two representitives |
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House of Burgesses |
on July 30, 1619, met for the first time in a church in Jamestown |
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New arrivals in Jamestown in 1619 |
women |
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Dissented |
they disagreed with the beliefs or practices of the Anglicans |
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persecuted |
treated harshly |
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Puritans |
The Protestants who wanted to reform the Anglican Church |
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Separatists |
Those who wanted to leave and set up their own churches |
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Pilgrims |
people who boarded the Mayflower/ Separatists |
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Mayflower |
the Pilgrims' ship |
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Cape Cod Massachusetts |
Mayflower people planned to land or settle in Virginia. The first land they sighted was this which was well north of their target |
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William Bradford |
leader of Pilgrims/ Plymouth |
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Mayflower Compact |
a document, pledging the Pilgrims loyalty to bring law and order to the colony before they set food off the ship |
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Squanto & Samoset |
Indians who helped the colonists of Pilgrims. Helped the Pilgrims survive |
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Massasoit |
Wampanoag leader |
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John Winthrop |
Puritan who was governor of Massachusetts Bay |
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Massachusetts Bay |
In 1630, Winthrop led about 900 men, women, and children to this place. Most settled in Boston. |
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Great Migration |
a movement in which more than 15000 Puritans journeyed to Massachusetts |
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toleration |
they criticized or persecuted people who held other religious views |
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Thomas Hooker 1636 |
founded Hartford, Connecticut |
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
first written constitution in America and it described the organization of representative government in detail |
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Roger Williams |
a minister who founded the town of Providence, Rhode Island |
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Rhode Island and Providence Plantations |
Williams received a charter in 1644 for a colony east of Connecticut called this |
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John Wheelwright |
led a group of dissidents from Massachusetts to the north in 1638. They founded the town of Exeter in New Hampshire |
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Metacomet |
Wampanoag chief was known to settlers as King Philip |
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Oliver Cromwell |
a Puritan |
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New Amsterdam |
located on Manhattan Island. The main settlement of New Netherland |
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Manhattan Island |
in 1626 the company bought Manhattan from the Manhates people for small quatities of beads and other goods |
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patroons |
wealthy landowners who acquired these riverfront estates. They ruled like kings. They had own courts and laws. |
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Peter Stuyvesant |
governor of New Netherland/ New Amsterdam |
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Duke of York |
King Charles the Second gave the colony to his brother (this name) who renamed it New York instead of New Netherland/New Amsterdam |
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proprietary colony |
a colony in which the owner or proprietor owned all the land and controlled the government |
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Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret |
The Duke of York gave the southern part of his colony between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to these people. These people named their colony New Jersey. |
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William Penn |
a wealthy English gentleman presented a plan to King Charles. |
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Society of Friends |
Quakers |
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pacifists |
people who refuse to use force or to fight in wars |
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Philadelphia |
"city of brotherly love" |
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indentured servants |
laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America |
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Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore |
a Catholic who wanted to establish a safe place for his fellow Catholics who were being persecuted in England |
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Baltimore |
founded in 1729 which was Maryland's port |
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Act of Toleration |
act that granted Protestants and Catholics the right to worship freely |
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Potomac River |
Entering Chespeake Bay they sailed to this place through fertile countryside |
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Nathaniel Bacon |
a wealthy young planter who was a leader in the western part of Virginia |
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Bacon's Rebellion |
had shown that the settlers were not willing to be restricted to the coast |
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Charleston |
Settlers arrived in Carolina in 1670 and by 1680 they founded a city called Charles Town, later became known as Charleston |
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John Locke |
an English political philosopher who wrote a constitution for the Carolina colony |
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constitution |
plan of government |
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Eliza Lucas |
developed another important Carolina crop- indigo |
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Indigo |
a blue flowering plat which was used to dye textiles |
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James Oglethorpe |
received a charter to create a colony where English debtors and poor people could make a fresh start |
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debtors |
those who are unable to pay their debts |
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Savannah |
Oglethorpe led people to Georgia in 1733. They built this town |
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Quebec |
French founded this in place in 1608 |
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New France |
in 1663 became a royal colony |
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Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette |
Joliet: a French fur trader. Marquette: a French priest. In the 1670's they explored the Mississippi River by canoe. Hoped to find gold silver or other precious metals |
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Rene'-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle |
followed Mississippi River all the way to Gulf of Mexico a few years later |
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New Orleans |
In 1718 the French governor founded the port of this near mouth of Mississippi River |
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tenant farmers |
the settlers paid their lord an annual rent and worked for him for a fixed number of days each year |
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Santa Fe |
in late 1609 or early 1610, Spanish missionaries soliers and settlers founded this place |
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missions |
religious settlements established to convert people to a particular faith |
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Jumipero Serra |
In 1769 he, a Franciscan monk founded a mission at San Diego |
