 | Term | Definition |
| |
tonicity |
relative solute concentrations of two fluids |
| |
isotonic |
when two solutes have equal amounts of solutes |
| |
hypotonic |
the solution with fewer solutes |
| |
hypertonic |
the solution with more solutes |
| |
lysed |
animal cell in hypotonic solution |
| |
normal |
animal cell in isotonic solution |
| |
shriveled |
animal cell in hypertonic solution |
| |
turgid |
plant cell in hypotonic solution |
| |
flaccid |
plant cell in isotonic solution |
| |
plasmolyzed |
plant cell in hypertonic solutionm - pulling away from cell wall |
| |
cytolysis |
swelling in a hypotonic solution |
| |
hydrostatic pressure |
the pressure of the cytoplasm against the cell membrane |
| |
osmotic pressure |
pressure needed to counteract hydrostatic pressure |
| |
turgor pressure |
pressure of a cell membrane against a cell wall |
| |
plasma membrane |
boundary that separates living from nonliving |
| |
selective permeability |
property of biological membranes which allows some substances to cross more easily than others |
| |
Singer and Nicolson |
coined the term fluid mosaic model in 1972 |
| |
fluid mosaic |
different proteins embedded in the phospholipids - move freely in membrane |
| |
cholesterol |
provides rigidity to the membrane; temperature buffer |
| |
facilitated diffusion |
diffusion requires protein(channel or carrier) |
| |
aquaproins |
channel protein that allows water to pass through membrane |
| |
integral |
membrane proteins that are embedded |
| |
transmembrane |
integral proteins that span the entire membrane |
| |
peripheral |
membrane proteins attached to cytoskeleton/other cells |
| |
channel proteins |
transport proteins that act as a gate |
| |
carrier proteins |
transport proteins that bind to a substance and take it across membrane |
| |
active transport |
transport across a membrane that uses carrier proteins, requires energy, against concentration gradient |
| |
sodium potassium pump |
uses ATP to pump 3Na+ our and 2K+ into cell against their gradients; maintians (-) cells; important for muscles/nerves; glucose transporter needs na+ |
| |
co-transport |
when one substance cannot enter cell unless with another substance; hitchhiked substance must be actively pumped |
| |
endocytosis |
big things in, creates vacuole inside cell |
| |
pinocytosis |
cell drinking |
| |
phagocytosis |
cell eating |
| |
receptor mediated |
specific endocytosis |
| |
exocytosis |
process ships big things out |
