 | Term | Definition |
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Compound Microscope |
One of the most impotant and useful tools of the biologist. |
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Oculars |
Eye piece |
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Objective lens |
1) Scanning Lens (4x) 2) low power (10x) and 3) high power objective (40x) |
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Condenser Aperture Diaphragm Lever (Iris Diaphragm) |
this lever increases or decreases the amount of light passing to the specimen and increases or decreases the contrast of the specimen |
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Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) |
boundry of the cell that regulates the flow of materials into and out of the cell |
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Cell Wall |
Located outside the cell membrane of plant cells. It consists of the polysaccharride cellulose that gives rigidity to the plant cell. |
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Microvilli |
foldings of the cell membrane to increase surface area for absorption. |
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Desmosomes |
cell junctions between adjacent cell membranes that allow passage of materials between cells |
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Cilia |
appendages of the cell membrane that move to propel materials past the cell. 9 outer doublets and central pair of MICROTUBLES that give the cell support. FLAGELLA are similar in structure but have greater length |
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rough endoplasmic reticulum |
System of internal membranes within the cytoplasm. Membranes are rough due to the presence of ribosomes. functions in transport of substances such as proteins within the cytoplasm |
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Smooth ER |
network of cytoplasmic membranes that lack ribosomes. This organelle functions in cellular transport. |
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Ribosomes |
small, dense particles that are found attached to ER or in clusters in the cytoplasm called polyribosomes. Ribosomes function in protein synthesis. |
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Golgi apparatus |
parallel membranes in cytoplasm consisting of Golgi Sacs and Golgi Vesicles. 1) storage, modification, and packaging of proteins 2) synthesis of some carbs 3) formation of enzymes |
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Mitochondria |
the sites of chemical reactions to produce the cell's energy in the form of ATP. Each ______ contains a smooth outer membrane, folded inner membranes that form cristae, and an internal region called the matrix. |
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Chloroplasts |
plant cell organelle that contains the pigment chlorophyll that absorbs light energy for use in the manufacture of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is located within parallel stacks of membranes called grana. are characteristic of plant cells; animal cells do not have these |
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lysosomes |
cytoplasmic organelles that contain hydrolytic enzymes necessary for cellular digestion. ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS!! |
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vacuoles |
large single membrane-found organelles involved in cellular storage. in animal cells are small; they are very large in plant cells! |
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Microtubles |
narrow elongate hollow cylinders that give rigidity to the cell. They are found free in the cytoplasm near the cell membrane to form cytoskeleton, in cilia and flagella and in centrioles. |
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microfilaments |
narrow elongate rods containing proteins. These organells are important components of muscle cells in animals. Both microtubules/filaments form the cell's cytoskeleton that provides support and maintains the form of the cell. |
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Nucleus |
control center. It consists of an outer nuclear membrane containing nuclear pores, dense chromatin material, and a dark nucleolus. |
