 | Term | Definition |
| |
substance |
matter that has a uniform and unchanging composition |
| |
physical property |
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample's composition |
| |
extensive property |
dependent upon the amount of substance present |
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intensive property |
independent of the amount of substance present |
| |
chemical property |
the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances |
| |
plasma |
a fourth state of matter that doesn't occur naturally on earth except in lightning bolts |
| |
solid |
a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume |
| |
liquid |
a form of matter that flows, has constant volume, and takes the shape of its container |
| |
gas |
a form of matter that flows to conform to the shape of its container and fills the entire volume of its container |
| |
gas |
a substance that is naturally in the gaseous state at room temperature |
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vapor |
the gaseous state of a substance that is a solid or a liquid at room temperature |
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physical changes |
changes which alter a substance without changing its composition |
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chemical change |
a process that involves one or more substances changing into new substances |
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reactants |
the starting substances in chemical reactions |
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products |
the new substances formed after a chemical reaction |
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law of conservation of mass |
matter is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction, it is conserved |
| |
mixture |
a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties |
| |
heterogenous mixture |
a mixture that doesn't blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinct |
| |
homogenous mixture |
has constant composition throughout, always has a single phase |
| |
solution |
another name for a homogenous mixture |
| |
alloy |
a homogenous mixture of metals, or a mixture of a metal and a nonmetal in which the metal substance is the major component |
| |
filtration |
a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |
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distillation |
a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved |
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crystallization |
a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance |
| |
chromatography |
a technique that separates the components of a mixture (called the mobile phase) to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material (called the stationary phase) |
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element |
a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means |
| |
compound |
a combination of two or more different elements that are combined chemically |
| |
law of definite proportions |
regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass |
| |
percent by mass |
a percentage determined by the ratio of the mass of each element to the total mass of the compound |
| |
law of multiple proportions |
when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers |
| Add or remove terms from this set |
