 | Term | Definition |
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What is the name of the process in which food is broken down into small molecules to be absorbed by cells |
Digestion |
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What does the digestion of food do? |
provides energy and provides materials for cell growth and repair |
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What are the the types of digestion? |
mechanical and chemical |
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Which type of digestion breaks food down by physical means? |
mechanical |
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Which type of digestion breaks down molecules chemically? |
chemical |
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What is the name of the continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus? |
alimentary canal |
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What accessory organ helps in digestion? |
the mouth |
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What is another name for chewing? |
mastication |
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Which type of digestion involves the grinding of food into smaller particles, the increasing of surface area fro enzymes to act on, and then the mixing with the liquid of saliva forming a ball of food? |
mechanical digestion |
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What is another name for the ball of food that is formed during mechanical digestion? |
bolus |
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What role does the tongue play in digestion? |
it mixes the food |
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Which type of digestion involves the salivary glands? |
chemical |
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How many glands produce saliva? |
three |
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What is the name of the enzyme that helps break down starches into sugars? |
salivary amylaze |
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What speeds up reactions without being changed or used up? |
enzymes |
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What type of digestion involves salivary amylaze? |
chemical |
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What helps to moisten food? |
water |
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What makes food easier to swallow? |
mucus |
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What is the process in which food moves from the mouth to the esophagus? |
swallowing |
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What is the name of the flap that covers the opening to the trachea? |
the epiglottis |
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What is the purpose of the epiglottis? |
to keep going down the esophagus to the stomach and not the trachea and then to the lungs |
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In which organ does no digestion take place? |
the esophagus |
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What is the name of the process in which muscular contractions push the bolus down? |
peristalsis |
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What are the five main organs involved in digestion? |
1) mouth 2) esophagus 3) stomach 4) small intestine 5) large intestine |
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In mechanical digestion, what mixes the food with the digestive juices? |
the churning of the muscular walls |
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What is the name of the thin, watery liquid that food is changed into? |
chyme |
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What are produced in the stomach to help with chemical digestion? |
gastric juices |
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What is an important substance found in the gastric juices? |
hydrochloric acid |
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What does hydrochloric acid do? |
dissolves minerals and kills bacteria |
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What is the name of the enzyme that begins the digestion of proteins? |
pepsin |
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What aids in the lubrication of food during the digestive process? |
mucus |
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Where does most digestion take place? |
small intestine |
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During chemical digestion, what mixes with substances from the pancreas and the liver to continue the process of digestion? |
intestinal juices |
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What are proteins transformed into during digestion? |
amino acids |
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What are carbohydrates transformed into during digestion? |
monosaccharides |
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What is the largest organ inside the body? |
liver |
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What are fats transformed into during digestion? |
fatty acids and glycerol |
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What important substance does the liver produce? |
bile |
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Where is bile stored? |
the gall bladder |
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What is the purpose or function of bile? |
it breaks up fat during mechanical digestion |
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What does emulsifies mean? |
to break up; to mash |
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What two organs work together in chemical digestion? |
the liver and the pancreas |
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What is produced in the pancreas? |
pancreatic juices |
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What is the function of the pancreatic juices? |
they contain enzymes important for the digestion of proteins and carbohydrates and help in the production of insulin |
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What does insulin do? |
it controls the body's use of sugar |
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What are villi? |
tiny, finger-like projections that increase the surface area so more food can be absorbed faster |
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Where does absorption take place? |
in the small intestine at the villi |
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What occurs to food during digestion? |
all usable food is absorbed while all undigested substances including water and cellulose continue on to the large intestine |
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Where does undigested material go to and is it digested? |
it goes to the large intestine where no digestion occurs |
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What happens to the water? |
most of it is absorbed |
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What exists in the large intestine and makes 2 B vitamins and vitamin K? |
bacteria |
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What occurs to the materials that are not absorbed? |
they are stored as solid waste in the rectum until leaving the body |
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From where does solid waste leave the body? |
the anus |
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