 | Term | Definition |
| |
Allah |
the name for God by the Islam religion (Muslim) |
| |
Quran/Koran/Qur’an |
- the holy text of the Islam religion |
| |
Jihad |
effort in God's service, another duty effort in God’s service, modern connotation=“holy war” |
| |
oasis |
is a fertile area in a desert, watered by a natural well or spring |
| |
hijra |
journey in 622 Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Yathrib—later Medina (feared death b/c of preachings) |
| |
Kaaba |
ancient shrine that Muslims today believe was built by the prophet Abraham |
| |
recognized |
formally agreed to treat it as a legitimate government |
| |
Kibbutzim |
or collective farms, produced crops for export. |
| |
desalinization |
plants that convert salty sea water into fresh water. |
| |
hejab |
cover!-----*The Arabic word hejab means “following Islamic guidelines for women's dress in public.” The practice includes a variety of head coverings as well as a long, loose-fitting garment. In English, the word is often translated as “veiling,” though only a small fraction of Muslim women cover their faces. |
| |
delta |
the triangular area of marshland at the mouth of the river. |
| |
ayatollah |
a title given to learned Shiite legal experts. |
| |
theocracy |
or government ruled by religious leaders |
| |
client state |
Iraq, Syria, and Libya also became Soviet_________ dependent on the support of a stronger power. All of these Arab nations mistrusted their former colonial rulers in the West and condemned western support for Israel. |
| |
intifadas |
Palestinians mounted ________, or uprisings, against Israeli occupation. |
| |
militias |
bands of citizen soldiers, battled for control of villages and of Beirut, the capital city. |
| |
no-fly zone |
areas over which Iraqi aircraft were not permitted to fly. |
| |
bedouins |
Nomadic herders who used camels to cross the desert; Raids for grazing land frequent warfare |
| |
Mecca |
bustling market town at the crossroads of two main caravan routes (southern Arabia to Syria and Palestine; other route crossed from Mesopotamia to eastern Africa); thriving pilgrimage center w/ shrine |
| |
monotheism |
belief in one God |
| |
rotten borough |
rural town in England that sent members to Parliament despite having few or no voters |
| |
hajj |
pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in lifetime (& visit Kaaba) |
| |
electorate |
the body of people allowed to vote, by granting suffrage to more men. |
| |
mosque |
: houses of worship |
| |
secret ballot |
would allow people to cast their votes without announcing them publicly |
| |
Sharia |
immense body of law interpreting the Quran and applying its teachings to daily life, regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, and other aspects of a Muslim community |
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