| Term | Definition |
|
Democritus |
A thought that all matter is made up of atoms |
|
Henning Brand |
Discovered Phosphorus |
|
John Dalton |
His work identified chemical elements as a specific type of atom |
|
Count Amedeo Avogadro |
He is most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight |
|
Julius Plücker |
He made fundamental contributions to the field of analytical geometry and was a pioneer in the investigations of cathode rays that led eventually to the discovery of the electron |
|
Dmitri Mendeleev |
Primary creator of the first Periodic Table of Elements |
|
Sir William Crookes |
He was, as a consequence, one of the first scientists to investigate what are now called plasmas. He also devised one of the first instruments for the study of nuclear radioactivity, the spinthariscope. Crookes also identified the first known sample of helium. |
|
Wilhelm Roentgen |
He produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range today known as x-rays or Röntgen rays |
|
Henri Becquerel |
One of the discoverers of radioactivity |
|
Pierre Curie |
The first to use the term "radioactivity, and was a pioneer in its study. |
|
Ernest Marsdon |
Geiger And Marsdon did the gold foil experiment which discovered the atomic nucleus |
|
Ernest Rutherford |
He pioneered the orbital theory of the atom. |
|
Hans Geiger |
He is perhaps best-known as the co-inventor of the Geiger Counter and Geiger and Marsdon discovered of the atomic nucleus |
|
Niels Bohr |
He made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics |
|
Joseph Thompson |
He discovered of the electron , the isotopes and the invention of the mass spectrometer |
|
Louis de Broglie |
De Broglie created a new field in physics, wave mechanics, uniting the physics of light and matter |
|
James Chadwick |
Discovered the neutron |
|
Irene Curie |
Discovered artificial radioactivity |
|
Hideki Yukawa |
He published his theory of mesons, which explained the interaction between protons and neutrons, and was a major influence on research into elementary particles |
|
Linus Pauling |
Elucidating the nature of chemical bonds and the structures of molecules. He came near to discovering the "double helix," the ultra structure of DNA |