 | Term | Definition |
| |
The Mayagers |
were origionally from western asia |
| |
the "hierarchihiical" fief holding system in which vassals in turn had vassals owing their services was known as |
subinfeudination |
| |
new technalogical developments in agricultural included |
iron hoes, the use of a carruca, the use of horseshoes, and the use of the three field system |
| |
manoralism in the eleventh and twelth centuries |
meant serfs could not leave the estate without the lord's permission |
| |
the basic staple of the peasant diet was |
bread |
| |
in medieval society, who could become a knight? |
the sons of nobility |
| |
justinian's conquests |
restored the imperial mediterranean world |
| |
justinian's most important contributation to wester civilization may have been his |
coidification of law |
| |
the byzantine empire by the year 1025 |
reached its largest territorial size since the seventh century |
| |
pope urban II at the council of clermont in 1095: |
promiced remissions on sins for all men who joined the crucades |
| |
leaders of the second crusade: |
emperor conrad III of Germany, King Louis VII of france, and saint bernard of Claivaux |
| |
consequences of the fourth crusade: |
the byzantine empire was eventually restored into mediterranean power, the city of constantinople was sacked by the crusaders, the cenetians managed to destory their economic competition |
| |
overall, the crusades |
failed in their efforts to keep the Holy Land for Christians |
| |
what was the manner of political/economic orginization of the arabs who settled in the arabian peninsula in the 7th century? |
a loosely connected tribal society who shephereded or raided trading bands |
| |
the cardinal principal of the islamioc faith is that there is only one God and ___ is his most important and final prophet |
Muhammad |
| |
Muhammad's flight from Mecca to Medina in 622 is known as the |
Hegira |
| |
the successors to Muhammad's leadershiop of the Muslim world were known as |
caliphs |
| |
the islamic city in spain that served as the umayyad capital was eyrope's largest city after constantinople was |
cordoba |
| |
what were the two divisions of islam? |
shi'ites and sunnies |
| |
what did abu abase do to the umayyad dynasty? |
ended the dynasty and began the abbasid dynasty |
| |
maybe not on test next few??? |
? |
| |
the reforms of the gaius and tiberius gacchus |
resulted in further instability and violence as the conflict erupted between different social groups |
| |
sulla's legacy and importance was |
that he became the example of how the army could be used to wield political power in rome |
| |
what were some results of the roman wars of 43-41 b.c.? |
the defeat of caser's assassins, the demise of republican institutions, and the rule of octavian |
| |
constantine's most enduring reform, and his biggest project was |
creation of a "new rome" on the bosphorus |
| |
next few def on test... |
.... |
| |
the____rule became the fundamental form on monastic life in the western church: |
benadictine |
| |
western europe monasticism was NOT characterized by |
the monks living in great wealth |
| |
after the death of clovis |
his son charles martel came to the frankish throne |
| |
guilt under the germanic customary law was determined by |
compurgation and ordeal |
| |
pope gregory the great |
created the foundation for an independent papal state |
| |
the primary instrument of pope gregory for converting the pagen peoples of germanic europe was |
monasticism |
| |
the coronation of charlemagne in the year 8-- as emperor of the romans: |
symbolized the foundation of a new european civilization |
| |
charlemagne's carolingian renaissane was charaterized by: |
the religous works produced by the benedictine monastic scriptoria |
| |
monasteries in the early middle ages were well known for |
providing hospitality and shelter to weary travelers |
| |
the counterpart to the pope in rome |
the patriarch |
| |
the idea that divine forces would protect the innocent |
ordeal |
| |
wergeld |
the amount of money paid by a wrong doers family to the victim |
| |
compurgation |
trial by jury, you say what you think happened, 12-15 people had to agree |
| |
which group of people had most lasting germanic kingdom |
the franks |
| |
who established the frankish kingdom |
clovis |
| |
what helped to alieviate hard life from peasantss |
feast days from clergy , holy days |
| |
what three groups created feudalism? |
vikings, muslims, and the manguers who were people from hungary |
| |
atilla |
leader of the huns |
| |
missy domunichi |
messengers of the frankish empire |
| |
who called for crusades to take place? |
pope urban II |
| |
what is the holiest city in islam? |
mecca |
| |
who wrote the rules of living a monk life? |
st. bonedict |
| |
the name for writing rooms in monastaries |
scriptorios |
| |
who were the heads of christian communities |
abbots |
| |
the name of an unbeliever |
infidel |
| |
a heavy wheeled plow with an iron plowshare |
carruca |
| |
the practice of living life as a monk |
monasticisim |
| |
the basis of feudalism |
minorialism |
| |
the name of the pilgrimage to mecca |
the hajj |
| |
the name of the journey of muhammed and his followers |
the hegira |
| |
the first frankish king to be annointed in a holy ceramony by the pope was |
charlemagne |
| |
statements about the vikings: |
christiniaty assimilateed them into european civilization, their raids and settlements aided the growth of fief holding, and their weapons and superior shipbuilding were largely responsabile for their sucessful raids |
| |
feudalism of medieval europe was primarily |
a rigid hierarchial system that varried from place to place |
| |
the lord vassal relationship of medieval europe |
was an honorable relationship between free men based on loyalty |
| |
the aristocracy of the middle ages |
was reguarded was the "defender of Christian society" |
| |
the must lucrative (money making) industry in constantinople was |
silk |
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