Set: Epidemiology

Familiarize

Learn

Test

Play Scatter

Play Space Race
Combine with other sets Login to add to Favorites
Print: Term List | Flashcards Editing not allowed
Export Deleting not allowed

Share these flash cards

With group: None (edit)
HTML link to set: Plain link:
Share on Facebook Share on MySpace

All 64 Terms

Term Definition
epidemiology study of the distribution, determinants of disease frequency in terms of morbidity, injury, disability, mortality
cumulative incidence (a.k.a. risk) new cases in a population over a given time period
medical surveillance collation, collection, interpretation and analysis of disease data, with dissemination to those who need to know to take action
Person-to-person causal agent spread from one person to another (e.g. Tuberculosis --> isolation, treatment of cases)
case fatality deaths / cases (proportion, or percentage)
censored follow-up ended before end of study (patient quits, or lost to follow-up)
case-control study (analytical study) compare people with disease to those without (assess exposure, and determine risk of disease - odds ratio)
point prevalence number of existing cases in population at given point in time
descriptive epidemiological studies hypothesis generating
John Graunt Columbus of Statistics
Ecological fallacy aggregrate traits do not necessarily apply to individual cases
screening detecting disease when individual is asymptomatic
clinical trials take eligible subjects and randomize, categorize, analyze
mesothelioma cancer caused by asbestos exposure
Health Status Registry measures birth defects in BC children
Bernardo Ramazzini father of occupational health (identified lead poisoning in potters; postures)
3 types of disease spread person-to-person; zoonosis; common source
3 types of descriptive studies case report/case series; correlational (ecological); cross-sectional surveys of individuals
Ignas Semmelweiss recognized that handwashing could reduce peripeural mortality
Incidence rate rapidity of new cases
risk likelihood that exposure will lead to disease
survival rate number living / number with disease
cross-sectional studies (prevalence surveys) best for chronic degenerative diseases, with no clear onset and long latency
confounding factors other factors preventing a true cause/effect relationship in correlational studies
attack rate number ill / number exposed
epidemiologists focus on: human populations and non-experimental observations
3 benefits of surveillance identifying outbreaks, causes, strategies to prevent spread
cohort study (start with exposure) people without disease classified by exposure and monitored
survival time time from diagnosis to death
Hippocrates father of medicine (disease environment, not supernatural)
James Lind considered atmospheric environment of sailors (scurvey)
Koch determined diseases caused by living organisms
William Farr compiler of statistics (foundation for the ICD)
John Snow linked cholera with drinking water
infectious diseases leading killers until late 19th century
chronic diseases (long latency) increasing in recent years
eco-epidemiology linking environment with human health
measures of disease frequency ratio, count, proportion, percentage, rate
rate (crude rate) cases / population at risk in time period (x100,000)
incidence density new cases / person-time of observation
birth rate live births / population (x1000)
fertility rate live births / women 15-44 (x1000)
infant mortality rate infant deaths / live births (x1000)
maternal mortality rate deaths / live births (x100,000)
person data collected by census (age, gender, race, education, occupation, income, marital status)
place data international, national, regional, local
time data seasonal fluctuations, time trends
endemic rate usual rate of occurrence
epidemic rate increase over endemic rate
pandemic global epidemic
latent period time between exposure and S&S
migration studies study roles of genetics and environment
Correlational studies (ecological studies) compare disease to factor of interest (in entire populations; quick and inexpensive)
case report (case series) description of experiences of singe patient (or group of patients with similar diagnosis)
3 agencies collecting data CIPHS, BCCDC, Health Status Registry
SEER surveillance, epidemiology and end results (USA Cancer data)
mortality rate incidence / mortality (% of incidence rate)
ICD international classification of disease (WHO)
underlying cause main cause (no death without it)
3 limitations of death certificates little physician training, only 1 underlying cause of death, artificial changes in patterns with changes in classifications
death among young people greater loss of life expectancy
PYLL person years of life lost
surveillance of risk factors characterize patterns of risk factor distribution (person, place, time)
BRFSS behavioural risk factor surveillance system

Set Information

Terms 64
Creator vavenby
Created October 16, 2007
Groups None
Tags epidemiology, public, health
Access Anyone
Edit Creator Only

Description

ENVH7266 Epidemiology test 1

Pop out

Discuss

vavenby : Changed Koch → diseases caused by living organisms to Koch → determined diseases caused by living organisms
vavenby : Changed chronic diseases with long latency → increasing in recent years to chronic diseases (long latency) → increasing in recent years
vavenby : Changed 3 types of disease transmission → person-to-person; zoonosis; common source to 3 types of disease spread → person-to-person; zoonosis; common source
vavenby : Changed underlying cause of death → main cause (no death without it) to underlying cause → main cause (no death without it)
vavenby : Changed Person-to-person → causal agent spread from one individual to another (e.g. Tuberculosis --> isolation, treatment of cases) to Person-to-person → causal agent spread from one person to another (e.g. Tuberculosis --> isolation, treatment of cases)
Last Message: 13 months ago

You must be logged in to discuss this set.

Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions (Kaptest.com)

Top Users

  1. vavenby - 241 scores

Most Missed Words

  1. cumulative incidence (a.k.a. risk) → new cases in a population over a given time period - 5 misses
  2. cross-sectional studies (prevalence surveys) → best for chronic degenerative diseases, with no clear onset and long latency - 5 misses
  3. censored → follow-up ended before end of study (patient quits, or lost to follow-up) - 4 misses
  4. Bernardo Ramazzini → father of occupational health (identified lead poisoning in potters; postures) - 4 misses
  5. 3 types of descriptive studies → case report/case series; correlational (ecological); cross-sectional surveys of individuals - 4 misses
  6. surveillance of risk factors → characterize patterns of risk factor distribution (person, place, time) - 4 misses
  7. Person-to-person → causal agent spread from one person to another (e.g. Tuberculosis --> isolation, treatment of cases) - 3 misses